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  • 1
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    Prolonged milk provisioning in a jumping spider (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Lactation is a mammalian attribute, and the few known nonmammal examples have distinctly different modalities. We document here milk provisioning in a jumping spider, which compares functionally and behaviorally to lactation in mammals. The spiderlings ingest nutritious milk droplets secreted from the mother’s epigastric furrow until the subadult stage. Milk is indispensable for offspring survival in the early stages and complements their foraging in later stages. Maternal care, as for some long-lived vertebrates, continues after the offspring reach maturity. Furthermore, a female-biased adult sex ratio is acquired only when the mother is present. These findings demonstrate that mammal-like milk provisioning and parental care for sexually mature offspring have also evolved in invertebrates, encouraging a reevaluation of their occurrence across the animal kingdom, especially in invertebrates.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    A linear cobalt(II) complex with maximal orbital angular momentum from a non-Aufbau ground state (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Orbital angular momentum is a prerequisite for magnetic anisotropy, although in transition metal complexes it is typically quenched by the ligand field. By reducing the basicity of the carbon donor atoms in a pair of alkyl ligands, we synthesized a cobalt(II) dialkyl complex, Co(C(SiMe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉ONaph)〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (where Me is methyl and Naph is a naphthyl group), wherein the ligand field is sufficiently weak that interelectron repulsion and spin-orbit coupling play a dominant role in determining the electronic ground state. Assignment of a non-Aufbau (d〈sub〉〈i〉x〈/i〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉〈/sub〉〈sub〉〈i〉–y〈/i〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉〈/sub〉, d〈i〉〈sub〉xy〈/sub〉〈/i〉)〈sup〉3〈/sup〉(d〈i〉〈sub〉xz〈/sub〉〈/i〉, d〈i〉〈sub〉yz〈/sub〉〈/i〉)〈sup〉3〈/sup〉(d〈sub〉〈i〉z〈/i〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉〈/sub〉)〈sup〉1〈/sup〉 electron configuration is supported by dc magnetic susceptibility data, experimental charge density maps, and ab initio calculations. Variable-field far-infrared spectroscopy and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements further reveal slow magnetic relaxation via a 450–wave number magnetic excited state.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Printing nanomaterials in shrinking gels (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Motor cortical control of vocal interaction in neotropical singing mice (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Like many adaptive behaviors, acoustic communication often requires rapid modification of motor output in response to sensory cues. However, little is known about the sensorimotor transformations that underlie such complex natural behaviors. In this study, we examine vocal exchanges in Alston’s singing mouse (〈i〉Scotinomys teguina〈/i〉). We find that males modify singing behavior during social interactions on a subsecond time course that resembles both traditional sensorimotor tasks and conversational speech. We identify an orofacial motor cortical region and, via a series of perturbation experiments, demonstrate a hierarchical control of vocal production, with the motor cortex influencing the pacing of singing behavior on a moment-by-moment basis, enabling precise vocal interactions. These results suggest a systems-level framework for understanding the sensorimotor transformations that underlie natural social interactions.〈/p〉
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  • 5
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    Search for cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus in patients treated with living pig tissue. The XEN 111 Study Group (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-24
    Description: Pig organs may offer a solution to the shortage of human donor organs for transplantation, but concerns remain about possible cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV). Samples were collected from 160 patients who had been treated with various living pig tissues up to 12 years earlier. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein immunoblot analyses were performed on serum from all 160 patients. No viremia was detected in any patient. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 159 of the patients were analyzed by PCR using PERV-specific primers. No PERV infection was detected in any of the patients from whom sufficient DNA was extracted to allow complete PCR analysis (97 percent of the patients). Persistent microchimerism (presence of donor cells in the recipient) was observed in 23 patients for up to 8.5 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paradis, K -- Langford, G -- Long, Z -- Heneine, W -- Sandstrom, P -- Switzer, W M -- Chapman, L E -- Lockey, C -- Onions, D -- Otto, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1236-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Imutran Ltd. (a Novartis Pharma AG company), Post Office Box 399, Cambridge CB2 2YP, UK. khazal.paradis@pharma.novartis.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10455044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chimera ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Extracorporeal Circulation ; Female ; *Gammaretrovirus/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Retroviridae Infections/diagnosis/*transmission ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin Transplantation ; Swine ; *Transplantation, Heterologous/adverse effects ; Tumor Virus Infections/diagnosis/*transmission ; Viremia/diagnosis ; *Zoonoses
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Localization of the G protein betagamma complex in living cells during chemotaxis (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-11
    Description: Gradients of chemoattractants elicit signaling events at the leading edge of a cell even though chemoattractant receptors are uniformly distributed on the cell surface. In highly polarized Dictyostelium discoideum amoebas, membrane-associated betagamma subunits of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) were localized in a shallow anterior-posterior gradient. A uniformly applied chemoattractant generated binding sites for pleckstrin homology (PH) domains on the inner surface of the membrane in a pattern similar to that of the Gbetagamma subunits. Loss of cell polarity resulted in uniform distribution of both the Gbetagamma subunits and the sensitivity of PH domain recruitment. These observations indicate that Gbetagamma subunits are not sufficiently localized to restrict signaling events to the leading edge but that their distribution may determine the relative chemotactic sensitivity of polarized cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jin, T -- Zhang, N -- Long, Y -- Parent, C A -- Devreotes, P N -- GM-28007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 11;287(5455):1034-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10669414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Polarity ; Chemotactic Factors/pharmacology ; Chemotaxis/*physiology ; Cyclic AMP/pharmacology ; Dictyostelium/metabolism/*physiology ; *GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits ; *GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; *Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Gene duplication and evolution (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, M -- Thornton, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1551.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Silencing ; *Genes, Duplicate ; Genome ; Half-Life ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    The composite genome of the legume symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: The scarcity of usable nitrogen frequently limits plant growth. A tight metabolic association with rhizobial bacteria allows legumes to obtain nitrogen compounds by bacterial reduction of dinitrogen (N2) to ammonium (NH4+). We present here the annotated DNA sequence of the alpha-proteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, the symbiont of alfalfa. The tripartite 6.7-megabase (Mb) genome comprises a 3.65-Mb chromosome, and 1.35-Mb pSymA and 1.68-Mb pSymB megaplasmids. Genome sequence analysis indicates that all three elements contribute, in varying degrees, to symbiosis and reveals how this genome may have emerged during evolution. The genome sequence will be useful in understanding the dynamics of interkingdom associations and of life in soil environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galibert, F -- Finan, T M -- Long, S R -- Puhler, A -- Abola, P -- Ampe, F -- Barloy-Hubler, F -- Barnett, M J -- Becker, A -- Boistard, P -- Bothe, G -- Boutry, M -- Bowser, L -- Buhrmester, J -- Cadieu, E -- Capela, D -- Chain, P -- Cowie, A -- Davis, R W -- Dreano, S -- Federspiel, N A -- Fisher, R F -- Gloux, S -- Godrie, T -- Goffeau, A -- Golding, B -- Gouzy, J -- Gurjal, M -- Hernandez-Lucas, I -- Hong, A -- Huizar, L -- Hyman, R W -- Jones, T -- Kahn, D -- Kahn, M L -- Kalman, S -- Keating, D H -- Kiss, E -- Komp, C -- Lelaure, V -- Masuy, D -- Palm, C -- Peck, M C -- Pohl, T M -- Portetelle, D -- Purnelle, B -- Ramsperger, U -- Surzycki, R -- Thebault, P -- Vandenbol, M -- Vorholter, F J -- Weidner, S -- Wells, D H -- Wong, K -- Yeh, K C -- Batut, J -- GM30962/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):668-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UMR6061-CNRS, Laboratoire de Genetique et Developpement, Faculte de Medecine, 2 avenue du Pr. Leon Bernard, F-35043 Rennes cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Adhesion ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, Essential ; Genes, Regulator ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Medicago sativa/microbiology ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; Plasmids ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/genetics ; Replicon ; Rhizobiaceae/genetics ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sinorhizobium meliloti/*genetics/physiology ; Symbiosis/*genetics
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  • 9
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    Parasitology. Malaria--from infants to genomics to vaccines (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, Carole A -- Hoffman, Stephen L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):345-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Malaria Vaccine Development Unit, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. clong@niaid.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ; Genes, Protozoan ; Genomics ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; *Malaria/epidemiology/immunology/parasitology/prevention & control ; *Malaria Vaccines/immunology ; *Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology/immunology/parasitology/prevention & control ; *Plasmodium/genetics/immunology/physiology ; *Plasmodium falciparum/immunology/physiology ; Proteome ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Group II introns designed to insert into therapeutically relevant DNA target sites in human cells (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-21
    Description: Mobile group II intron RNAs insert directly into DNA target sites and are then reverse-transcribed into genomic DNA by the associated intron-encoded protein. Target site recognition involves modifiable base-pairing interactions between the intron RNA and a 〉14-nucleotide region of the DNA target site, as well as fixed interactions between the protein and flanking regions. Here, we developed a highly efficient Escherichia coli genetic assay to determine detailed target site recognition rules for the Lactococcus lactis group II intron Ll.LtrB and to select introns that insert into desired target sites. Using human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA and the human CCR5 gene as examples, we show that group II introns can be retargeted to insert efficiently into virtually any target DNA and that the retargeted introns retain activity in human cells. This work provides the practical basis for potential applications of targeted group II introns in genetic engineering, functional genomics, and gene therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, H -- Karberg, M -- Long, M -- Jones, J P 3rd -- Sullenger, B -- Lambowitz, A M -- AI40981/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM37949/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 21;289(5478):452-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10903206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; *Gene Targeting ; Genes, pol ; Genetic Therapy ; HIV-1/genetics ; Humans ; *Introns ; Lactococcus lactis/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proviruses/genetics ; RNA, Catalytic/*genetics ; Receptors, CCR5/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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