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  • Humans  (9)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (9)
  • 1
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    Intra- and interspecific variation in primate gene expression patterns (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: Although humans and their closest evolutionary relatives, the chimpanzees, are 98.7% identical in their genomic DNA sequences, they differ in many morphological, behavioral, and cognitive aspects. The underlying genetic basis of many of these differences may be altered gene expression. We have compared the transcriptome in blood leukocytes, liver, and brain of humans, chimpanzees, orangutans, and macaques using microarrays, as well as protein expression patterns of humans and chimpanzees using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We also studied three mouse species that are approximately as related to each other as are humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans. We identified species-specific gene expression patterns indicating that changes in protein and gene expression have been particularly pronounced in the human brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enard, Wolfgang -- Khaitovich, Philipp -- Klose, Joachim -- Zollner, Sebastian -- Heissig, Florian -- Giavalisco, Patrick -- Nieselt-Struwe, Kay -- Muchmore, Elaine -- Varki, Ajit -- Ravid, Rivka -- Doxiadis, Gaby M -- Bontrop, Ronald E -- Paabo, Svante -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):340-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Inselstrasse 22, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11951044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/*metabolism ; DNA, Complementary ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Haplorhini/*genetics ; Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Leukocytes/*metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Macaca mulatta/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Muridae/genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Organ Specificity ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Pongo pygmaeus/genetics ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Disappearing physician-scientists (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varki, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):791-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10049120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Humans ; *Physicians/statistics & numerical data/trends ; *Research ; *Research Personnel/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Societies, Scientific ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A primate genome project deserves high priority (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McConkey, E H -- Varki, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 25;289(5483):1295-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10979852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Cognition ; Disease Susceptibility ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Reproduction ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Great Ape Phenome Project? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varki, A -- Wills, C -- Perlmutter, D -- Woodruff, D -- Gage, F -- Moore, J -- Semendeferi, K -- Bernirschke, K -- Katzman, R -- Doolittle, R -- Bullock, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 9;282(5387):239-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Databases, Factual ; *Genome ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Phenotype
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    The uncertain future of research chimpanzees (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varki, Ajit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1493-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; *Biomedical Research ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genome ; Humans ; *Pan troglodytes/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    A human-specific gene in microglia (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-10
    Description: Recent studies have shown multiple differences between humans and apes in sialic acid (Sia) biology, including Siglecs (Sia-recognizing-Ig-superfamily lectins). Comparisons with the chimpanzee genome indicate that human SIGLEC11 emerged through human-specific gene conversion by an adjacent pseudogene. Conversion involved 5 cent untranslated sequences and the Sia-recognition domain. This human protein shows reduced binding relative to the ancestral form but recognizes oligosialic acids, which are enriched in the brain. SIGLEC11 is expressed in human but not in chimpanzee brain microglia. Further studies will determine if this event was related to the evolution of Homo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayakawa, Toshiyuki -- Angata, Takashi -- Lewis, Amanda L -- Mikkelsen, Tarjei S -- Varki, Nissi M -- Varki, Ajit -- R01GM32373/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 9;309(5741):1693.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/*metabolism ; Exons ; *Gene Conversion ; Humans ; Lectins/*genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Microglia/*metabolism ; Pan troglodytes/genetics/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Pongo pygmaeus/genetics/metabolism ; Pseudogenes ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sialic Acids/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Genomics. The chimpanzee genome--a bittersweet celebration (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, Maynard V -- Varki, Ajit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):191-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Washington Genome Center, Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. mvo@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics/physiology ; Primates/genetics ; Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Retroelements ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Deletion ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Genomics. Thoughts on the future of great ape research (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McConkey, Edwin H -- Varki, Ajit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1499-501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomics/trends ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Research
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Calcium-dependent heparin-like ligands for L-selectin in nonlymphoid endothelial cells (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-23
    Description: L-Selectin is a calcium-dependent mammalian lectin that mediates lymphocyte trafficking by recognizing sialylated ligands on high endothelial venules in lymph nodes. Although L-selectin probably mediates neutrophil extravasation into nonlymphoid tissues, no corresponding ligand has been characterized. Staining of cultured endothelial cells with an L-selectin chimera (LS-Rg) showed an internal pool of ligands. Metabolic labeling with sulfur-35-labeled sulfate revealed heparin lyase-sensitive ligands that bound LS-Rg in a calcium-dependent, sialic acid-independent manner. A fraction of commercial heparin bound to LS-Rg and LS-Rg bound to heparin-agarose, both in a calcium-dependent manner. Thus, L-selectin recognizes endothelial heparin-like chains, which could be physiological ligands mediating leucocyte trafficking.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norgard-Sumnicht, K E -- Varki, N M -- Varki, A -- HL07089/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA38701/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 23;261(5120):480-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Glycobiology Program, UCSD Cancer Center.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7687382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antithrombin III/metabolism ; Calcium/*physiology ; Cattle ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Endothelium, Lymphatic/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/*metabolism ; Glycosaminoglycans/*metabolism ; Heparin/metabolism ; Humans ; L-Selectin ; Ligands ; Protein Binding ; Radioligand Assay ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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