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  • Glutamates/physiology  (2)
  • Glutamic Acid  (2)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (4)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (4)
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  • 1
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    Calcium-permeable AMPA-kainate receptors in fusiform cerebellar glial cells (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-06-12
    Description: Glutamate-operated ion channels (GluR channels) of the L-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-kainate subtype are found in both neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system. These channels are assembled from the GluR-A, -B, -C, and -D subunits; channels containing a GluR-B subunit show an outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation and low calcium permeability, whereas channels lacking the GluR-B subunit are characterized by a doubly rectifying current-voltage relation and high calcium permeability. Most cell types in the central nervous system coexpress several subunits, including GluR-B. However, Bergmann glia in rat cerebellum do not express GluR-B subunit genes. In a subset of cultured cerebellar glial cells, likely derived from Bergmann glial cells. GluR channels exhibit doubly rectifying current-voltage relations and high calcium permeability, whereas GluR channels of cerebellar neurons have low calcium permeability. Thus, differential expression of the GluR-B subunit gene in neurons and glia is one mechanism by which functional properties of native GluR channels are regulated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnashev, N -- Khodorova, A -- Jonas, P -- Helm, P J -- Wisden, W -- Monyer, H -- Seeburg, P H -- Sakmann, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 12;256(5063):1566-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Medizinische Forschung, Abteilung Zellphysiologie, Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1317970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Glutamates/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channel Gating ; Neuroglia/*physiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, Kainic Acid ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Control by asparagine residues of calcium permeability and magnesium blockade in the NMDA receptor (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-04
    Description: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor forms a cation-selective channel with a high calcium permeability and sensitivity to channel block by extracellular magnesium. These properties, which are believed to be important for the induction of long-term changes in synaptic strength, are imparted by asparagine residues in a putative channel-forming segment of the protein, transmembrane 2 (TM2). In the NR1 subunit, replacement of this asparagine by a glutamine residue decreases calcium permeability of the channel and slightly reduces magnesium block. The same substitution in NR2 subunits strongly reduces magnesium block and increases the magnesium permeability but barely affects calcium permeability. These asparagines are in a position homologous to the site in the TM2 region (Q/R site) of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors that is occupied by either glutamine (Q) or arginine (R) and that controls divalent cation permeability of the AMPA receptor channel. Hence AMPA and NMDA receptor channels contain common structural motifs in their TM2 segments that are responsible for some of their ion selectivity and conductance properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnashev, N -- Schoepfer, R -- Monyer, H -- Ruppersberg, J P -- Gunther, W -- Seeburg, P H -- Sakmann, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 4;257(5075):1415-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abteilung Zellphysiologie, Max-Planck-Institut fur Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1382314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Asparagine/*chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Electric Conductivity ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; Ion Channels/chemistry/*physiology ; Magnesium/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Permeability ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transfection ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Structural determinants of ion flow through recombinant glutamate receptor channels (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-21
    Description: Functional glutamate receptor (GluRs) were transiently expressed in cultured mammalian cells from cloned complementary DNAs encoding GluR-A, -B, -C, or -D polypeptides. The steady-state current-voltage (I-V) relations of glutamate- and kainate-induced currents through homomeric channels fell into two classes: channels composed of either the GluR-A, -C, and -D subunits showed doubly rectifying I-V curves, and channels composed of the GluR-B subunits displayed simple outward rectification. The presence of GluR-B subunits in heteromeric GluRs determined the I-V behavior of the resulting channels. Site-directed mutagenesis identified a single amino acid difference (glutamine to arginine) in the putative transmembrane segment TM2 responsible for subunit-specific I-V relationships. The properties of heteromeric wild-type and mutant GluRs revealed that the dominance of GluR-B is due to the arginine residue in the TM2 region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verdoorn, T A -- Burnashev, N -- Monyer, H -- Seeburg, P H -- Sakmann, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 21;252(5013):1715-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur medizinische Forschung, Abteilung Zellphysiologie, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1710829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Glutamates/physiology ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides/chemistry ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Heteromeric NMDA receptors: molecular and functional distinction of subtypes (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-22
    Description: The N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and unique voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium and is modulated by glycine. Molecular cloning identified three complementary DNA species of rat brain, encoding NMDA receptor subunits NMDAR2A (NR2A), NR2B, and NR2C, which are 55 to 70% identical in sequence. These are structurally related, with less than 20% sequence identity, to other excitatory amino acid receptor subunits, including the NMDA receptor subunit NMDAR1 (NR1). Upon expression in cultured cells, the new subunits yielded prominent, typical glutamate- and NMDA-activated currents only when they were in heteromeric configurations with NR1. NR1-NR2A and NR1-NR2C channels differed in gating behavior and magnesium sensitivity. Such heteromeric NMDA receptor subtypes may exist in neurons, since NR1 messenger RNA is synthesized throughout the mature rat brain, while NR2 messenger RNA show a differential distribution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monyer, H -- Sprengel, R -- Schoepfer, R -- Herb, A -- Higuchi, M -- Lomeli, H -- Burnashev, N -- Sakmann, B -- Seeburg, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1217-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Biology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1350383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; Glycine/pharmacology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; N-Methylaspartate/pharmacology ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Organ Specificity ; Peptides ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/drug effects/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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