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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (30)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 12 (1970), S. 43-57 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyethylene samples of various densities and melt flow indices resulting from different polymerization processes have been investigated with respect to long chain branching (LKV). For that purpose several polymer fractions have been characterized by measurement of weight average molecular weights Mw and intrinsic viscosities [η], the latter ranging from 0,2 to 3,2 with high pressure samples and from 0,2 to 10 with low pressure material. The intrinsic viscosity difference of branched (high pressure) polyethylene compared to linear (low pressure) polyethylene is used as a measure of LKV.With high pressure polyethylene LKV increases with decreasing density. This dependence is strongest within the medium molecular weight range. Samples with varying LKV but constant density can be obtained by appropriate change of polymerization conditions.No LKV has been observed with low pressure polyethylene. This means a marked difference compared to high pressure material of equal density. Branching with low pressure polymers can therefore be ascribed to the short chain type only, which in particular results from copolymerization.Several mathematical approaches have been checked whether or not they can yield suitable information about n, the number of long chain branches per molecule. The best fit with our experimental data is obtained using the expression [η]v/[η]1 = g1,3 (n = f(g)) and assuming, that the average concentration of long chain branch points does not depend on molecular weight for fractions of the same sample (n/M = const.).If LKV ist taken into consideration, logarithmic normal molecular weight distributions are obtained for many high pressure polyethylenes (similar to low pressure material).Data are reported in support of the view, that performance characteristics are dependent on LKV. There is some evidence, that melt flow properties of polyethylene are improved with increasing LKV.
    Notes: Polyäthylene verschiedener Dichten, Schmelzindizes (MFI) und Polymerisationsarten wurden auf Langkettenverzweigung (LKV) hin untersucht. Dazu wurden die Molgewichte Mw und Grenzviskositäten von Fraktionen mit Viskositäten zwischen 0,2 und 3,2 (Hochdruck-PE) bzw. 0,2 und 10 (Niederdruck-PE) gemessen. Die Verminderung der Grenzviskosität eines verzweigten (Hochdruck-)Polyäthylens gegenüber einem linearen (Niederdruck-)Polyäthylen gleichen Molgewichtes wurde als Maß für die LKV benutzt.Bei Hochdruckpolyäthylenen nimmt die LKV mit fallender Dichte zu. Im mittleren Molgewichtsbereich ist die Differenzierung am stärksten. Durch Variation der Polymerisationsbedingungen läßt sich die LKV bei konstanter Dichte beeinflussen.An Niederdruckpolymerisaten konnte keine LKV festgestellt werden. Sie unterscheiden sich dadurch also deutlich von Hochdruckpolyäthylene gleicher Dichte. Niederdruckpolymerisate enthalten also allenfalls Kurzkettenverzweigungen, die vor allem durch Copolymerisation erzeugt werden können.Es wurden verschiedene theoretische Ansätze auf ihre Verwendbarkeit für quantitative Aussagen über n, die Zahl der LKV pro Molekül, geprüft. Mit dem Ansatz [η]v/[η]1 = g1,3 (n = f(g)) äßt sich formal der Verlauf unserer Meßkurven am besten beschreiben, wenn gleichzeitig angenommen wird, daß der Abstand zwischen den Verzweigungspunkten bei den Fraktionen einer Probe weitgehend unabhängig vom Molgewicht ist (n/M = const.).Bei Darstellung der Molgewichtsverteilungen von Hochdruck-PE unter Berücksichtigung ihrer LKV ergibt sich wie beim Niederdruck-PE in vielen Fällen eine logarithmische Normalverteilung. Als Beispiel für anwendungstechnische Konsequenzen aus der LKV werden Meßergebnisse angeführt, die eine Verbesserung der Fließfähigkeit einer PE-Schmelze mit zunehmender LKV erkennen lassen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 38 (1966), S. 871-876 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Der atomare Wirkungsquerschnitt der Absorption für weiche γ-Strahlung bis zu 0,1 MeV Quantenenergie hängt von der 4, Potenz der Ordnungszahl der Elemente ab. Daher lassen sich in Gasen solche Komponenten leicht erfassen, deren Absorptionskoeffizient stark von denen der übrigen Gase abweicht. Es werden die physikalischen Grundlagen für eine allgemein anwendbare Meßmethode, deren Fehlermöglichkeiten und Störeinflüsse diskutiert. Ferner wird der Aufbau einer Meßapparatur beschrieben. Am Beispiel der SO2-Bestimmung in Abgasen wird die Leistungsfähigkeit der Methode geprüft, wobei für die Messung 55Fe als Strahlenquelle benutzt wurde.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 50 (1978), S. 905-910 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mode of action and characterization of multifunctional automotive exhaust catalysts. Because of the pending reduction in permissible concentration of toxic components in automotive exhausts the catalysts presently available will have to be replaced by more efficient systems. For these “second generation” catalysts multifunctional platinum/rhodium based catalysts are in the course of development, with provision being made for control of the fuel/air mixture. The new catalysts destroy both NOx as well as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and are effective in the neighbourhood of the stoichiometric composition of the fuel/air mixture. The mode of action of the new “three-way” catalysts is described in detail and the present trends in development are outlined.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 165 (1873), S. 354-357 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 165 (1873), S. 358-360 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 192 (1878), S. 89-102 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 59 (1846), S. 27-33 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 12 (1991), S. 119-121 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Four long fiber thermoplastic resin matrices, nylon 6, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and styrene maleic anhydride, containing differing amounts of long fiber glass reinforcement, were tested for notched Izod impact strength over the temperature range of 22 to -32°C. The notched impact properties of the long fiber thermoplastic composite molding materials are substantially greater than literature values for short fiber analogues. The fiber dominant performance of the long fiber materials is evidenced by increasing impact values with corresponding increases in weight percent fiber content. No apparent ductile/brittle transition in the fracture mode was observed for the long fiber materials that were tested.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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