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  • 1
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    The influence of photosynthetic acclimation to rising CO2 and warmer temperatures on leaf and canopy photosynthesis models. (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-15
    Description: There is an increasing necessity to understand how climate change factors, particularly increasing atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 ([CO 2 ]) and rising temperature, will influence photosynthetic carbon assimilation ( A ). Based on theory, an increased [CO 2 ] concomitant with a rise in temperature will increase A in C3 plants beyond that of an increase in [CO 2 ] alone. However, uncertainty surrounding the acclimation response of key photosynthetic parameters to these changes can influence this response. In this work, the acclimation responses of C3 photosynthesis for soybean measured at the SoyFACE Temperature by Free Air CO 2 Enrichment (T-FACE) experiment is incorporated in a leaf biochemical and canopy photosynthesis model. The two key parameters used as model inputs, the maximum velocity for carboxylation ( V c,max ) and maximum rate of electron transport ( J max ), were measured in a full factorial [CO 2 ] by temperature experiment over two growing seasons and applied in leaf- and canopy-scale models to (1) reassess the theory of combined increases in [CO 2 ] and temperature on A , (2) determine the role of photosynthetic acclimation to increased growth [CO 2 ] and/or temperature in leaf and canopy predictions of A for these treatments, and (3) assess the diurnal and seasonal differences in leaf- and canopy-scale A associated with the imposed treatments. The results demonstrate that the theory behind combined increases in [CO 2 ] and temperature are sound, however, incorporating more recent parameterizations into the photosynthesis model predicts greater increases in A when [CO 2 ] and temperature are increased together. Photosynthetic acclimation is shown to decrease leaf-level A for all treatments, however, in elevated [CO 2 ] the impact of acclimation does not result in any appreciable loss in photosynthetic potential at the canopy scale. In this analysis, neglecting photosynthetic acclimation in heated treatments, with or without concomitant rise in [CO 2 ], leads to modeled over-estimates of carbon gain for soybean under future predicted conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Cassava about-FACE: Greater than expected yield stimulation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) by future CO2 levels (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-24
    Description: Globally, cassava is the second most important root crop after potatoes and the fifth most important crop overall in terms of human caloric intake. In addition to its growing global importance for feed, fuel, and starch, cassava has long been vital to food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Climate change is expected to have its most severe impact on crops in food insecure regions yet little is known about how cassava productivity will respond to climate change. The most important driver of climate change is globally increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ]). However, the potential for cassava to enhance food security in an elevated [CO 2 ] world is uncertain as greenhouse and open top chamber (OTC) study reports are ambiguous. Studies have yielded misleading results in the past regarding the effect of elevated [CO 2 ] on crop productivity, particularly in cases where pots restricted sink growth. To resolve these conflicting results, we compare the response of cassava to growth at ambient (ca. 385 ppm) and elevated [CO 2 ] (585 ppm) under field conditions and fully open air [CO 2 ] elevation. After three and half months of growth at elevated [CO 2 ], above ground biomass was 30% greater and cassava root tuber dry mass increased over 100% (fresh weight increased 89%). High photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic stimulation by elevated CO 2 , larger canopies, and a large sink capacity all contributed to cassava's growth and yield stimulation. Cassava exhibited photosynthetic acclimation via decreased Rubisco capacity early in the season prior to root tuber initiation when sink capacity was smaller. Importantly, and in contrast to a greenhouse study, we found no evidence of increased leaf N or total cyanide concentration in elevated [CO 2 ]. All of our results are consistent with theoretical expectations; however, the magnitude of the yield increase reported here surpasses all other C 3 crops and thus exceeds expectations.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Major ecological transitions in wild sunflowers facilitated by hybridization (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: Hybridization is frequent in many organismal groups, but its role in adaptation is poorly understood. In sunflowers, species found in the most extreme habitats are ancient hybrids, and new gene combinations generated by hybridization are speculated to have contributed to ecological divergence. This possibility was tested through phenotypic and genomic comparisons of ancient and synthetic hybrids. Most trait differences in ancient hybrids could be recreated by complementary gene action in synthetic hybrids and were favored by selection. The same combinations of parental chromosomal segments required to generate extreme phenotypes in synthetic hybrids also occurred in ancient hybrids. Thus, hybridization facilitated ecological divergence in sunflowers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rieseberg, Loren H -- Raymond, Olivier -- Rosenthal, David M -- Lai, Zhao -- Livingstone, Kevin -- Nakazato, Takuya -- Durphy, Jennifer L -- Schwarzbach, Andrea E -- Donovan, Lisa A -- Lexer, Christian -- R01 G59065/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1211-6. Epub 2003 Aug 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. lriesebe@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Diploidy ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Genes, Plant ; Genome, Plant ; Genotype ; Helianthus/*genetics/physiology ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Selection, Genetic ; Species Specificity ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Quantum optimally controlled transition landscapes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: A large number of experimental studies and simulations show that it is surprisingly easy to find excellent quality control over broad classes of quantum systems. We now prove that for controllable quantum systems with no constraints placed on the controls, the only allowed extrema of the transition probability landscape correspond to perfect control or no control. Under these conditions, no suboptimal local extrema exist as traps that would impede the search for an optimal control. The identified landscape structure is universal for all controllable quantum systems of the same dimension when seeking to maximize the same transition probability, regardless of the detailed nature of the system Hamiltonian. The presence of weak control field noise or environmental decoherence is shown to preserve the general structure of the control landscape, but at lower resolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rabitz, Herschel A -- Hsieh, Michael M -- Rosenthal, Carey M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1998-2001.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. hrabitz@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Cerebral norepinephrine: influence on cortical oxidative metabolism in situ (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: Unilateral lesion of the locus coeruleus and the resultant norepinephrine depletion in the ipsilateral cerebrum alters the relationship between cerebral metabolic demands and local delivery of oxygen and substrates. This effect of norepinephrine depletion is demonstrated by slower recovery of the redox ratio of cytochrome a,a3 during increased metabolic demands induced by local cortical stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harik, S I -- LaManna, J C -- Light, A I -- Rosenthal, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):69-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/482927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism ; Cytochromes/*metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Evoked Potentials ; Locus Coeruleus/*physiology ; Male ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Rats ; Spectrophotometry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Leaf and canopy scale drivers of genotypic variation in soybean response to elevated carbon dioxide concentration (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-08
    Description: The atmospheric [CO 2 ] in which crops grow today is greater than at any point in their domestication history, and represents an opportunity for positive effects on seed yield that can counteract the negative effects of greater heat and drought this century. In order to maximize yields under future atmospheric [CO 2 ], we need to identify and study crop cultivars that respond most favorably to elevated [CO 2 ] and understand the mechanisms contributing to their responsiveness. Soybean ( Glycine max Merr.) is a widely grown oilseed crop and shows genetic variation in response to elevated [CO 2 ]. However, few studies have studied the physiological basis for this variation. Here we examined canopy light interception, photosynthesis, respiration and radiation use efficiency along with yield and yield parameters in two cultivars of soybean (Loda and HS93-4118) previously reported to have similar seed yield at ambient [CO 2 ], but contrasting responses to elevated [CO 2 ]. Seed yield increased by 26% at elevated [CO 2 ] (600 μmol mol −1 ) in the responsive cultivar Loda, but only by 11% in HS93-4118. Canopy light interception and leaf area index were greater in HS93-4118 in ambient [CO 2 ], but increased more in response to elevated [CO 2 ] in Loda. Radiation use efficiency and harvest index were also greater in Loda than HS93-4118 at both ambient and elevated [CO 2 ]. Daily C assimilation was greater at elevated [CO 2 ] in both cultivars, while stomatal conductance was lower. Photosynthetic capacity, specifically electron transport capacity was also greater in Loda than HS93-4118, but there was no difference in the response of photosynthetic traits to elevated [CO 2 ] in the two cultivars. Overall, this greater understanding of leaf- and canopy-level photosynthetic traits provides a strong conceptual basis for modelling genotypic variation in response to elevated [CO 2 ]. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Chameleon-like elastomers with molecularly encoded strain-adaptive stiffening and coloration (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-30
    Description: Active camouflage is widely recognized as a soft-tissue feature, and yet the ability to integrate adaptive coloration and tissuelike mechanical properties into synthetic materials remains elusive. We provide a solution to this problem by uniting these functions in moldable elastomers through the self-assembly of linear-bottlebrush-linear triblock copolymers. Microphase separation of the architecturally distinct blocks results in physically cross-linked networks that display vibrant color, extreme softness, and intense strain stiffening on par with that of skin tissue. Each of these functional properties is regulated by the structure of one macromolecule, without the need for chemical cross-linking or additives. These materials remain stable under conditions characteristic of internal bodily environments and under ambient conditions, neither swelling in bodily fluids nor drying when exposed to air.
    Keywords: Materials Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Shaping highly regular glass architectures: A lesson from nature (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2017-10-19
    Description: Demospongiae is a class of marine sponges that mineralize skeletal elements, the glass spicules, made of amorphous silica. The spicules exhibit a diversity of highly regular three-dimensional branched morphologies that are a paradigm example of symmetry in biological systems. Current glass shaping technology requires treatment at high temperatures. In this context, the mechanism by which glass architectures are formed by living organisms remains a mystery. We uncover the principles of spicule morphogenesis. During spicule formation, the process of silica deposition is templated by an organic filament. It is composed of enzymatically active proteins arranged in a mesoscopic hexagonal crystal-like structure. In analogy to synthetic inorganic nanocrystals that show high spatial regularity, we demonstrate that the branching of the filament follows specific crystallographic directions of the protein lattice. In correlation with the symmetry of the lattice, filament branching determines the highly regular morphology of the spicules on the macroscale.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Das Kammerplankton der Spree unterhalb Berlin (1914)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 1914-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1434-2944
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2632
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Pharmacokinetic(PK)/pharmacodynamic(PD) evaluation of CHF 2819.01 (novel cholinesterase inhibitor) in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (2005)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0009-9236
    Electronic ISSN: 1532-6535
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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