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  • 1
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    Nonautonomous contact guidance signaling during collective cell migration (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Bronsted basicity of the air-water interface [Chemistry] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-14
    Description: Differences in the extent of protonation of functional groups lying on either side of water–hydrophobe interfaces are deemed essential to enzymatic catalysis, molecular recognition, bioenergetic transduction, and atmospheric aerosol–gas exchanges. The sign and range of such differences, however, remain conjectural. Herein we report experiments showing that gaseous carboxylic acids RCOOH(g)...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Evidence from Cameroon reveals differences in the genetic structure and histories of chimpanzee populations [Anthropology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2011-03-23
    Description: The history of the genus Pan is a topic of enduring interest. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are often divided into subspecies, but the population structure and genetic history of chimpanzees across Africa remain unclear. Some population genetics studies have led to speculation that, until recently, this species constituted a single population with ongoing gene flow across its range, which resulted in a continuous gradient of allele frequencies. Chimpanzees, designated here as P. t. ellioti, occupy the Gulf of Guinea region that spans southern Nigeria and western Cameroon at the center of the distribution of this species. Remarkably, few studies have included individuals from this region, hindering the examination of chimpanzee population structure across Africa. Here, we analyzed microsatellite genotypes of 94 chimpanzees, including 32 designated as P. t. ellioti. We find that chimpanzees fall into three major populations: (i) Upper Guinea in western Africa (P. t. verus); (ii) the Gulf of Guinea region (P. t. ellioti); and (iii) equatorial Africa (P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii). Importantly, the Gulf of Guinea population is significantly different genetically from the others, sharing a last common ancestor with the populations in Upper Guinea ~0.46 million years ago (mya) and equatorial Africa ~0.32 mya. Equatorial chimpanzees are subdivided into up to three populations occupying southern Cameroon, central Africa, and eastern Africa, which may have constituted a single population until ~0.10–0.11 mya. Finally, occasional hybridization may be occurring between the Gulf of Guinea and southern Cameroon populations.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    11{beta}-HSD1 deletion protects from Cushing syndrome [Medical Sciences] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-19
    Description: The adverse metabolic effects of prescribed and endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) excess, Cushing syndrome, create a significant health burden. We found that tissue regeneration of GCs by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), rather than circulating delivery, is critical to developing the phenotype of GC excess; 11β-HSD1 KO mice with circulating GC...
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    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
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    Drosophila S6 kinase: a regulator of cell size (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: Cell proliferation requires cell growth; that is, cells only divide after they reach a critical size. However, the mechanisms by which cells grow and maintain their appropriate size have remained elusive. Drosophila deficient in the S6 kinase gene (dS6K) exhibited an extreme delay in development and a severe reduction in body size. These flies had smaller cells rather than fewer cells. The effect was cell-autonomous, displayed throughout larval development, and distinct from that of ribosomal protein mutants (Minutes). Thus, the dS6K gene product regulates cell size in a cell-autonomous manner without impinging on cell number.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Montagne, J -- Stewart, M J -- Stocker, H -- Hafen, E -- Kozma, S C -- Thomas, G -- F32 GM15926/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2126-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10497130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Body Constitution ; Cell Count ; Cell Division ; Cell Size ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/*enzymology/genetics/*growth & development ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Larva/cytology/growth & development ; Male ; Metamorphosis, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Wings, Animal/*cytology/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Proliferation, but not growth, blocked by conditional deletion of 40S ribosomal protein S6 (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-17
    Description: Because ribosome biogenesis plays an essential role in cell proliferation, control mechanisms may have evolved to recognize lesions in this critical anabolic process. To test this possibility, we conditionally deleted the gene encoding 40S ribosomal protein S6 in the liver of adult mice. Unexpectedly, livers from fasted animals deficient in S6 grew in response to nutrients even though biogenesis of 40S ribosomes was abolished. However, liver cells failed to proliferate or induce cyclin E expression after partial hepatectomy, despite formation of active cyclin D-CDK4 complexes. These results imply that abrogation of 40S ribosome biogenesis may induce a checkpoint control that prevents cell cycle progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Volarevic, S -- Stewart, M J -- Ledermann, B -- Zilberman, F -- Terracciano, L -- Montini, E -- Grompe, M -- Kozma, S C -- Thomas, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 16;288(5473):2045-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10856218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Division ; Cyclin D1/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Cyclin E/genetics/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Food Deprivation ; G1 Phase ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Targeting ; Hepatectomy ; Interferon-alpha/pharmacology ; Liver/*cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Liver Regeneration ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Phosphorylation ; Polyribosomes/metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; RNA, Ribosomal/metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6 ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; S Phase
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Evidence that the head of kinesin is sufficient for force generation and motility in vitro (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-06
    Description: Kinesin is a mechanochemical protein that converts the chemical energy in adenosine triphosphate into mechanical force for movement of cellular components along microtubules. The regions of the kinesin molecule responsible for generating movement were determined by studying the heavy chain of Drosophila kinesin, and its truncated forms, expressed in Escherichia coli. The results demonstrate that (i) kinesin heavy chain alone, without the light chains and other eukaryotic factors, is able to induce microtubule movement in vitro, and (ii) a fragment likely to contain only the kinesin head is also capable of inducing microtubule motility. Thus, the amino-terminal 450 amino acids of kinesin contain all the basic elements needed to convert chemical energy into mechanical force.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, J T -- Saxton, W M -- Stewart, R J -- Raff, E C -- Goldstein, L S -- GM35252/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD16739/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 6;249(4964):42-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2142332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Drosophila ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Kinesin ; Male ; Microtubule Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology ; Microtubules/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Peptide Fragments/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/physiology ; Sea Urchins ; Spermatozoa/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Mars: a new core-crystallization regime (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: The evolution of the martian core is widely assumed to mirror the characteristics observed for Earth's core. Data from experiments performed on iron-sulfur and iron-nickel-sulfur systems at pressures corresponding to the center of Mars indicate that its core is presently completely liquid and that it will not form an outwardly crystallizing iron-rich inner core, as does Earth. Instead, planetary cooling will lead to core crystallization following either a "snowing-core" model, whereby iron-rich solids nucleate in the outer portions of the core and sink toward the center, or a "sulfide inner-core" model, where an iron-sulfide phase crystallizes to form a solid inner core.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stewart, Andrew J -- Schmidt, Max W -- van Westrenen, Wim -- Liebske, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Mineralogy and Petrology, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, CH 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallization ; *Evolution, Planetary ; Iron ; *Mars ; Pressure ; Sulfides ; Sulfur ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    The Calyptogena magnifica chemoautotrophic symbiont genome (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: Chemoautotrophic endosymbionts are the metabolic cornerstone of hydrothermal vent communities, providing invertebrate hosts with nearly all of their nutrition. The Calyptogena magnifica (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) symbiont, Candidatus Ruthia magnifica, is the first intracellular sulfur-oxidizing endosymbiont to have its genome sequenced, revealing a suite of metabolic capabilities. The genome encodes major chemoautotrophic pathways as well as pathways for biosynthesis of vitamins, cofactors, and all 20 amino acids required by the clam.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newton, I L G -- Woyke, T -- Auchtung, T A -- Dilly, G F -- Dutton, R J -- Fisher, M C -- Fontanez, K M -- Lau, E -- Stewart, F J -- Richardson, P M -- Barry, K W -- Saunders, E -- Detter, J C -- Wu, D -- Eisen, J A -- Cavanaugh, C M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):998-1000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Biolabs 4080, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bivalvia/*microbiology ; Carbon/metabolism ; Chemoautotrophic Growth ; Gammaproteobacteria/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Photosynthesis ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    A cryptic sulfur cycle in oxygen-minimum-zone waters off the Chilean coast (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: Nitrogen cycling is normally thought to dominate the biogeochemistry and microbial ecology of oxygen-minimum zones in marine environments. Through a combination of molecular techniques and process rate measurements, we showed that both sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation contribute to energy flux and elemental cycling in oxygen-free waters off the coast of northern Chile. These processes may have been overlooked because in nature, the sulfide produced by sulfate reduction immediately oxidizes back to sulfate. This cryptic sulfur cycle is linked to anammox and other nitrogen cycling processes, suggesting that it may influence biogeochemical cycling in the global ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, Don E -- Stewart, Frank J -- Thamdrup, Bo -- De Brabandere, Loreto -- Dalsgaard, Tage -- Delong, Edward F -- Revsbech, Niels Peter -- Ulloa, Osvaldo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1375-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1196889. Epub 2010 Nov 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biology and Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark. dec@biology.sdu.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*metabolism ; Chile ; Deltaproteobacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Denitrification ; *Ecosystem ; Gammaproteobacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; Metagenome ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitrites/metabolism ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry/*microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Sulfides/metabolism ; Sulfur/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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