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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1992-07-03
    Description: Medium-chain fatty acids (FAs), found in storage lipids of certain plants, are an important renewable resource. Seeds of undomesticated California bay accumulate laurate (12:0), and a 12:0-acyl-carrier protein thioesterase (BTE) has been purified from this tissue. Sequencing of BTE enabled the cloning of a complementary DNA coding for a plastid-targeted preprotein. Expression of the complementary DNA in the seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in BTE activity, and medium chains accumulated at the expense of long-chain (greater than or equal to 16) FAs. Laurate became the most abundant FA species and was deposited in the storage triacylglycerols. These results demonstrate a mechanism for medium-chain FA synthesis in plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Voelker, T A -- Worrell, A C -- Anderson, L -- Bleibaum, J -- Fan, C -- Hawkins, D J -- Radke, S E -- Davies, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 3;257(5066):72-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Calgene, Inc., Davis, CA 95616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1621095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; Acyl-Carrier Protein S-Acetyltransferase ; Amino Acid Sequence ; DNA/genetics ; Fatty Acids/*biosynthesis/isolation & purification ; Genetic Engineering ; Lauric Acids/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plants/genetics/*metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Plasmids ; Seeds/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: Superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) originate from several natural sources and profoundly influence numerous elemental cycles, including carbon and trace metals. In the deep ocean, the permanent absence of light precludes currently known ROS sources, yet ROS production mysteriously occurs. Here, we show that taxonomically and ecologically diverse heterotrophic bacteria from aquatic and terrestrial environments are a vast, unrecognized, and light-independent source of superoxide, and perhaps other ROS derived from superoxide. Superoxide production by a model bacterium within the ubiquitous Roseobacter clade involves an extracellular oxidoreductase that is stimulated by the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), suggesting a surprising homology with eukaryotic organisms. The consequences of ROS cycling in immense aphotic zones representing key sites of nutrient regeneration and carbon export must now be considered, including potential control of carbon remineralization and metal bioavailability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diaz, Julia M -- Hansel, Colleen M -- Voelker, Bettina M -- Mendes, Chantal M -- Andeer, Peter F -- Zhang, Tong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 7;340(6137):1223-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1237331. Epub 2013 May 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Carbon Cycle ; *Heterotrophic Processes ; Mercury/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAD/metabolism ; Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Roseobacter/classification/*metabolism ; Superoxides/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: Patolsky et al. (Reports, 25 August 2006, p. 1100) used silicon nanowires to record action potentials in rat neuronal axons and found increases in conductance of about 85 nanosiemens. We point out that the data correspond to voltage changes of about -85 millivolts on the nanowire and that conceivable mechanisms of axon-nanowire interaction lead to signals that are opposite in sign or smaller by orders of magnitude.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fromherz, Peter -- Voelker, Moritz -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1429; author reply 1429. doi: 10.1126/science.1155416.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Membrane and Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D82152 Martinsried/Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Electric Stimulation ; Ion Channel Gating ; *Nanowires ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Semiconductors ; Silicon ; Sodium/metabolism ; Static Electricity ; Transistors, Electronic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-06-14
    Description: Sediments cored along the southwestern Iberian margin during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 339 provide constraints on Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) circulation patterns from the Pliocene epoch to the present day. After the Strait of Gibraltar opened (5.33 million years ago), a limited volume of MOW entered the Atlantic. Depositional hiatuses indicate erosion by bottom currents related to higher volumes of MOW circulating into the North Atlantic, beginning in the late Pliocene. The hiatuses coincide with regional tectonic events and changes in global thermohaline circulation (THC). This suggests that MOW influenced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), THC, and climatic shifts by contributing a component of warm, saline water to northern latitudes while in turn being influenced by plate tectonics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hernandez-Molina, F Javier -- Stow, Dorrik A V -- Alvarez-Zarikian, Carlos A -- Acton, Gary -- Bahr, Andre -- Balestra, Barbara -- Ducassou, Emmanuelle -- Flood, Roger -- Flores, Jose-Abel -- Furota, Satoshi -- Grunert, Patrick -- Hodell, David -- Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco -- Kim, Jin Kyoung -- Krissek, Lawrence -- Kuroda, Junichiro -- Li, Baohua -- Llave, Estefania -- Lofi, Johanna -- Lourens, Lucas -- Miller, Madeline -- Nanayama, Futoshi -- Nishida, Naohisa -- Richter, Carl -- Roque, Cristina -- Pereira, Helder -- Sanchez Goni, Maria Fernanda -- Sierro, Francisco J -- Singh, Arun Deo -- Sloss, Craig -- Takashimizu, Yasuhiro -- Tzanova, Alexandrina -- Voelker, Antje -- Williams, Trevor -- Xuan, Chuang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 13;344(6189):1244-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1251306.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK. javier.hernandez-molina@rhul.ac.uk. ; Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK. ; International Ocean Discovery Program, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA. ; Department of Geography and Geology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA. ; Institute of Geosciences, University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany. ; Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; EPOC, Universite de Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France. ; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. ; Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Salamanca, 3008 Salamanca, Spain. ; Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, N10W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. ; Institute for Earth Sciences, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria. ; Godwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK. ; Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, 237-0061 Yokosuka, Japan. ; Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan 426-744, Korea. ; School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Institute for Frontier Research on Earth Evolution (IFREE), JAMSTEC, 2-15 Natsushima-Cho, Yokosuka-city, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan. ; Department of Micropalaeontology, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China. ; Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana, Rios Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain. ; Geosciences Montpellier, Universite Montpellier II, 34090 Montpellier, France, and Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. ; Institute of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. ; Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, Geological Survey of Japan (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan. ; School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA. ; Divisao de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, IPMA, 1749-077 Lisboa, Portugal. ; Grupo de Biologia e Geologia, Escola Secundaria de Loule, 8100-740 Loule, Portugal. ; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPOC, Universite de Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France. ; Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India. ; School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. ; Department of Geology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan. ; Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. ; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. ; Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate Change ; Mediterranean Sea ; Paleontology ; *Seawater ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-04-24
    Description: The equiatomic face-centered cubic high-entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi was severely deformed at room and liquid nitrogen temperature by high-pressure torsion up to shear strains of about 170. Its microstructure was analyzed by X-ray line profile analysis and transmission electron microscopy and its texture by X-ray microdiffraction. Microhardness measurements, after severe plastic deformation, were done at room temperature. It is shown that at a shear strain of about 20, a steady state grain size of 24 nm, and a dislocation density of the order of 1016 m−2 is reached. The dislocations are mainly screw-type with low dipole character. Mechanical twinning at room temperature is replaced by a martensitic phase transformation at 77 K. The texture developed at room temperature is typical for sheared face-centered cubic nanocrystalline metals, but it is extremely weak and becomes almost random after high-pressure torsion at 77 K. The strength of the nanocrystalline material produced by high-pressure torsion at 77 K is lower than that produced at room temperature. The results are discussed in terms of different mechanisms of deformation, including dislocation generation and propagation, twinning, grain boundary sliding, and phase transformation.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4352
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-05-02
    Description: This study set out to investigate whether and how aesthetic evaluations of different types of symmetric, as well as abstract vs. representational patterns are modulated by art expertise. To this end, we utilized abstract asymmetric, symmetric, and “broken” patterns slightly deviating from symmetry, as well as more representational patterns resembling faces (also symmetric or broken). While it has already been shown that symmetry preference decreases with art expertise, it was still unclear whether an already established relationship between art expertise and preference for abstract over representational art can be similarly found as a preference for abstract over representational patterns, as these are non-art objects. Nevertheless, we found profound differences in aesthetic preferences between art experts and laypersons. While art experts rated asymmetric patterns higher than laypersons, as expected, they rated face-like patterns lower than laypersons. Also, laypersons rated all other types of patterns higher than asymmetric patterns, while art experts rated the other patterns similar or lower than asymmetric patterns. We found this both for liking and for interest ratings. As no differences between art experts and laypersons were found regarding memory recognition of new and old patterns, this effect is not likely due to differences in memory performance. In sum, this study further extends our knowledge about the influence of art expertise on aesthetic appreciation.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-8994
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-08-12
    Description: The increasing share of volatile, renewable energy sources rises the demand for consumers who can shift their electrical power demand in time. In theory, the industrial sector offers great potential here, as it accounts for a large proportion of electricity demand. However, the heterogeneous structure of facilities in factories and the concerns of operators regarding data security and process control often prevent the implementation of demand side management measures in this sector. In order to counteract these obstacles, this paper presents a general mathematical framework for modelling and evaluating different types of inherent energy storages (IES) which typically can be found in industrial production systems. The method can be used to calculate the flexibility potential of the IES in a factory with focus on hysteresis-controlled devices and make the potential visible and usable for power grid stabilization. The method is applied in a typical production line from metalworking industry to provide live monitoring of the current flexibility potential of selected devices.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-05-26
    Electronic ISSN: 2075-4701
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-09-08
    Description: Human donor milk (HDM) provides appropriate nutrition and offers protective functions in preterm infants. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of different storage conditions on the stability of the human breast milk peptidome. HDM was directly frozen at −80 °C or stored at −20 °C (120 h), 4 °C (6 h), or room temperature (RT for 6 or 24 h). The milk peptidome was profiled by mass spectrometry after peptide collection by ultrafiltration. Profiling of the peptidome covered 3587 peptides corresponding to 212 proteins. The variance of the peptidome increased with storage temperature and time and varied for different peptides. The highest impact was observed when samples were stored at RT. Smaller but significant effects were still observed in samples stored at 4 °C, while samples showed highest similarity to those immediately frozen at −80 °C when stored at −20 °C. Peptide structures after storage at RT for 24 h point to the increased activity of thrombin and other proteases cleaving proteins at lysine/arginine. The results point to an ongoing protein degradation/peptide production by milk-derived proteases. They underline the need for immediate freezing of HDM at −20 °C or −80 °C to prevent degradation of peptides and enable reproducible investigation of prospectively collected samples.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-6643
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-08-03
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4923
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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