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  • 1
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    Affinity purification of label-free tubulins from xenopus egg extracts (2021)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Reusch, S., Biswas, A., Hirst, W. G., & Reber, S. Affinity purification of label-free tubulins from xenopus egg extracts. STAR Protocols, 1(3), (2020): 100151, doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100151.
    Description: Cytoplasmic extracts from unfertilized Xenopus eggs have made important contributions to our understanding of microtubule dynamics, spindle assembly, and scaling. Until recently, these in vitro studies relied on the use of heterologous tubulin. This protocol allows for the purification of physiologically relevant Xenopus tubulins in milligram yield, which are a complex mixture of isoforms with various post-translational modifications. The protocol is applicable to any cell or tissue of interest. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hirst et al. (2020).
    Description: This article was prompted by our stay at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole, MA, in the summer of 2016 funded by the Princeton-Humboldt Strategic Partnership Grant together with the lab of Sabine Petry (Princeton University). We are grateful to the National Xenopus Resource (NXR) for supplying frogs. For mass spectrometry, we would like to acknowledge the assistance of Benno Kuropka and Chris Weise from the Core Facility BioSupraMol supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). We thank the Protein Expression Purification and Characterization (PEPC) facility at the MPI-CBG; in particular, we thank Aliona Bogdanova and Barbara Borgonovo. We thank all former and current members of the Reber lab for discussions and helpful advice, in particular Christoph Hentschel and Soma Zsoter for technical assistance. S.R. acknowledges funding from the IRI Life Sciences (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Excellence Initiative/DFG). W.H. was supported by the Alliance Berlin Canberra co-funded by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for the International Research Training Group (IRTG) 2290 and the Australian National University.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    A molecular assembly phase transition and kinetic proofreading modulate Ras activation by SOS (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Son of Sevenless (SOS) is a key Ras activator that is autoinhibited in the cytosol and activates upon membrane recruitment. Autoinhibition release involves structural rearrangements of the protein at the membrane and thus introduces a delay between initial recruitment and activation. In this study, we designed a single-molecule assay to resolve the time between initial receptor-mediated membrane recruitment and the initiation of GEF activity of individual SOS molecules on microarrays of Ras-functionalized supported membranes. The rise-and-fall shape of the measured SOS activation time distribution and the long mean time scale to activation (~50 seconds) establish a basis for kinetic proofreading in the receptor-mediated activation of Ras. We further demonstrate that this kinetic proofreading is modulated by the LAT (linker for activation of T cells)–Grb2–SOS phosphotyrosine-driven phase transition at the membrane.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A metagenomic strategy for harnessing the chemical repertoire of the human microbiome (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Extensive progress has been made in determining the effects of the microbiome on human physiology and disease, but the underlying molecules and mechanisms governing these effects remain largely unexplored. Here, we combine a new computational algorithm with synthetic biology to access biologically active small molecules encoded directly in human microbiome–derived metagenomic sequencing data. We discover that members of a clinically used class of molecules are widely encoded in the human microbiome and that they exert potent antibacterial activities against neighboring microbes, implying a possible role in niche competition and host defense. Our approach paves the way toward a systematic unveiling of the chemical repertoire encoded by the human microbiome and provides a generalizable platform for discovering molecular mediators of microbiome-host and microbiome-microbiome interactions.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    A Modular Gain-of-Function Approach to Generate Cortical Interneuron Subtypes from ES Cells (2013)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0896-6273
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4199
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 5
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    Direct observation of percolation in a manganite thin film (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: Upon cooling, the isolated ferromagnetic domains in thin films of La0.33Pr0.34Ca0.33MnO3 start to grow and merge at the metal-insulator transition temperature TP1, leading to a steep drop in resistivity, and continue to grow far below TP1. In contrast, upon warming, the ferromagnetic domain size remains unchanged until near the transition temperature. The jump in the resistivity results from the decrease in the average magnetization. The ferromagnetic domains almost disappear at a temperature TP2 higher than TP1, showing a local magnetic hysteresis in agreement with the resistivity hysteresis. Even well above TP2, some ferromagnetic domains with higher transition temperatures are observed, indicating magnetic inhomogeneity. These results may shed more light on the origin of the magnetoresistance in these materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Liuwan -- Israel, Casey -- Biswas, Amlan -- Greene, R L -- de Lozanne, Alex -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):805-7. Epub 2002 Sep 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Parallel synthesis and screening of a solid phase carbohydrate library (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-29
    Description: A solid phase carbohydrate library was synthesized and screened against Bauhinia purpurea lectin. The library, which contains approximately 1300 di- and trisaccharides, was synthesized with chemical encoding on TentaGel resin so that each bead contained a single carbohydrate. Two ligands that bind more tightly to the lectin than Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc (the known ligand) have been identified. The strategy outlined can be used to identify carbohydrate-based ligands for any receptor; however, because the derivatized beads mimic the polyvalent presentation of cell surface carbohydrates, the screen may prove especially valuable for discovering new compounds that bind to proteins participating in cell adhesion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liang, R -- Yan, L -- Loebach, J -- Ge, M -- Uozumi, Y -- Sekanina, K -- Horan, N -- Gildersleeve, J -- Thompson, C -- Smith, A -- Biswas, K -- Still, W C -- Kahne, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 29;274(5292):1520-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8929411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/metabolism ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Disaccharides/chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Lectins/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Oligosaccharides/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; *Plant Lectins ; Polystyrenes ; Trisaccharides/chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Comment on "Influence of HLA-C expression level on HIV control" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Apps et al. (Reports, 5 April 2013, p. 87) found that high human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C) expression favors HIV-1 control. However, as noted here, HLA-C was assessed with a monoclonal antibody (DT9) that cross-reacts with HLA-E. In the context of the available evidence, this is consistent with the idea that the two leukocyte antigens collaborate to keep the HIV-1 virus at bay.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lo Monaco, Elisa -- Tremante, Elisa -- Biswas, Priscilla -- Cranage, Martin P -- Zipeto, Donato -- Beretta, Alberto -- Giacomini, Patrizio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 13;341(6151):1175. doi: 10.1126/science.1241266.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Via delle Messi d'Oro 156, 00158 Roma, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24031002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Gene Expression Regulation ; HIV/*immunology ; HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology ; HLA-C Antigens/*genetics ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Patrolling monocytes control tumor metastasis to the lung (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-24
    Description: The immune system plays an important role in regulating tumor growth and metastasis. Classical monocytes promote tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis, but how nonclassical "patrolling" monocytes (PMo) interact with tumors is unknown. Here we show that PMo are enriched in the microvasculature of the lung and reduce tumor metastasis to lung in multiple mouse metastatic tumor models. Nr4a1-deficient mice, which specifically lack PMo, showed increased lung metastasis in vivo. Transfer of Nr4a1-proficient PMo into Nr4a1-deficient mice prevented tumor invasion in the lung. PMo established early interactions with metastasizing tumor cells, scavenged tumor material from the lung vasculature, and promoted natural killer cell recruitment and activation. Thus, PMo contribute to cancer immunosurveillance and may be targets for cancer immunotherapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanna, Richard N -- Cekic, Caglar -- Sag, Duygu -- Tacke, Robert -- Thomas, Graham D -- Nowyhed, Heba -- Herrley, Erica -- Rasquinha, Nicole -- McArdle, Sara -- Wu, Runpei -- Peluso, Esther -- Metzger, Daniel -- Ichinose, Hiroshi -- Shaked, Iftach -- Chodaczek, Grzegorz -- Biswas, Subhra K -- Hedrick, Catherine C -- F32 HL117533-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA202987/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL118765/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):985-90. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9407. Epub 2015 Oct 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. rhanna@lji.org hedrick@lji.org. ; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey. ; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. ; Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Microscopy Core, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France. ; Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan. ; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26494174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Immunologic Surveillance/*immunology ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Lung Neoplasms/*immunology/*secondary/therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Monocytes/*immunology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology/secondary ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    WATER. Local perspectives on water (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hering, J G -- Sedlak, D L -- Tortajada, C -- Biswas, A K -- Niwagaba, C -- Breu, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):479-80. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland. Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland. School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. janet.hering@eawag.ch. ; University of California, Berkeley, ReNUWIt Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, USA. ; Cofounder, Third World Centre for Water Management, Atizapan, Mexico. Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore. ; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art, and Technology (CEDAT), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. ; Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agricultural Irrigation ; *Fresh Water ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *Policy Making ; *Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    WATER. Built infrastructure is essential (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muller, Mike -- Biswas, Asit -- Martin-Hurtado, Roberto -- Tortajada, Cecilia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):585-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7606.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Governance, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. mike.muller@wits.ac.za. ; Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore, Singapore. Cofounder, Third World Centre for Water Management, Atizapan, Mexico. ; Alboran Consulting, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Developing Countries ; Environment ; Humans ; Population ; Sewage ; Water Supply/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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