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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1)
  • Cambridge University Press  (1)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-11-17
    Description: Zika virus (ZIKV) has evolved into a global health threat because of its unexpected causal link to microcephaly. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that contemporary epidemic strains have accumulated multiple substitutions from their Asian ancestor. Here we show that a single serine-to-asparagine substitution [Ser 139 -〉Asn 139 (S139N)] in the viral polyprotein substantially increased ZIKV infectivity in both human and mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and led to more severe microcephaly in the mouse fetus, as well as higher mortality rates in neonatal mice. Evolutionary analysis indicates that the S139N substitution arose before the 2013 outbreak in French Polynesia and has been stably maintained during subsequent spread to the Americas. This functional adaption makes ZIKV more virulent to human NPCs, thus contributing to the increased incidence of microcephaly in recent ZIKV epidemics.
    Keywords: Epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1989-07-01
    Description: This paper describes the stabilization of compressor surge by an active method. It is known that surge follows when small disturbances grow in an unstable compression system, and that small growth can be modelled through a linear stability analysis. An active element is here introduced to counter any tendency to instability and the control law governing the active stabilizer is determined from linear theory. We follow precisely the suggestion put forward by Epstein et al. (1986) and verify that their theory conforms to practice. The theory is verified in an experiment on a compression system whose plenum volume is controlled. Suppression of the flow instability was achieved by switching on the controller and the compressor was made to operate stably on a part of its characteristic beyond the nature stall line. Furthermore the controlled compressor is much more resilient to external disturbances than is the natural case. The controller is even effective on deep surge — a feature of great interest but hardly predictable from the Epstein et al. initiative for this kind of study. © 1989, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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