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  • Rats  (672)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Chemistry
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (733)
  • Boston, MA : Springer  (2)
  • 1
    Unknown
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Food science
    ISBN: 9780387251202
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Unknown
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Food science ; Nutrition
    Edition: Third Edition
    ISBN: 9780387288130
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: Glucokinase (GK) plays a key role in whole-body glucose homeostasis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose in cells that express this enzyme, such as pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes. We describe a class of antidiabetic agents that act as nonessential, mixed-type GK activators (GKAs) that increase the glucose affinity and maximum velocity (Vmax) of GK. GKAs augment both hepatic glucose metabolism and glucose-induced insulin secretion from isolated rodent pancreatic islets, consistent with the expression and function of GK in both cell types. In several rodent models of type 2 diabetes mellitus, GKAs lowered blood glucose levels, improved the results of glucose tolerance tests, and increased hepatic glucose uptake. These findings may lead to the development of new drug therapies for diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimsby, Joseph -- Sarabu, Ramakanth -- Corbett, Wendy L -- Haynes, Nancy-Ellen -- Bizzarro, Fred T -- Coffey, John W -- Guertin, Kevin R -- Hilliard, Darryl W -- Kester, Robert F -- Mahaney, Paige E -- Marcus, Linda -- Qi, Lida -- Spence, Cheryl L -- Tengi, John -- Magnuson, Mark A -- Chu, Chang An -- Dvorozniak, Mark T -- Matschinsky, Franz M -- Grippo, Joseph F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):370-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Metabolic Diseases, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; *Carrier Proteins ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Activators/chemistry/pharmacology ; Glucokinase/*metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; Insulin/blood/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*drug effects/secretion ; Keto Acids/metabolism ; Liver/*drug effects/metabolism ; Liver Glycogen/biosynthesis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Thiazoles/chemistry/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: Although it is generally accepted that cellular differentiation requires changes to transcriptional networks, dynamic regulation of promoters and enhancers at specific sets of genes has not been previously studied en masse. Exploiting the fact that active promoters and enhancers are transcribed, we simultaneously measured their activity in 19 human and 14 mouse time courses covering a wide range of cell types and biological stimuli. Enhancer RNAs, then messenger RNAs encoding transcription factors, dominated the earliest responses. Binding sites for key lineage transcription factors were simultaneously overrepresented in enhancers and promoters active in each cellular system. Our data support a highly generalizable model in which enhancer transcription is the earliest event in successive waves of transcriptional change during cellular differentiation or activation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681433/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681433/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arner, Erik -- Daub, Carsten O -- Vitting-Seerup, Kristoffer -- Andersson, Robin -- Lilje, Berit -- Drablos, Finn -- Lennartsson, Andreas -- Ronnerblad, Michelle -- Hrydziuszko, Olga -- Vitezic, Morana -- Freeman, Tom C -- Alhendi, Ahmad M N -- Arner, Peter -- Axton, Richard -- Baillie, J Kenneth -- Beckhouse, Anthony -- Bodega, Beatrice -- Briggs, James -- Brombacher, Frank -- Davis, Margaret -- Detmar, Michael -- Ehrlund, Anna -- Endoh, Mitsuhiro -- Eslami, Afsaneh -- Fagiolini, Michela -- Fairbairn, Lynsey -- Faulkner, Geoffrey J -- Ferrai, Carmelo -- Fisher, Malcolm E -- Forrester, Lesley -- Goldowitz, Daniel -- Guler, Reto -- Ha, Thomas -- Hara, Mitsuko -- Herlyn, Meenhard -- Ikawa, Tomokatsu -- Kai, Chieko -- Kawamoto, Hiroshi -- Khachigian, Levon M -- Klinken, S Peter -- Kojima, Soichi -- Koseki, Haruhiko -- Klein, Sarah -- Mejhert, Niklas -- Miyaguchi, Ken -- Mizuno, Yosuke -- Morimoto, Mitsuru -- Morris, Kelly J -- Mummery, Christine -- Nakachi, Yutaka -- Ogishima, Soichi -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- Okazaki, Yasushi -- Orlando, Valerio -- Ovchinnikov, Dmitry -- Passier, Robert -- Patrikakis, Margaret -- Pombo, Ana -- Qin, Xian-Yang -- Roy, Sugata -- Sato, Hiroki -- Savvi, Suzana -- Saxena, Alka -- Schwegmann, Anita -- Sugiyama, Daisuke -- Swoboda, Rolf -- Tanaka, Hiroshi -- Tomoiu, Andru -- Winteringham, Louise N -- Wolvetang, Ernst -- Yanagi-Mizuochi, Chiyo -- Yoneda, Misako -- Zabierowski, Susan -- Zhang, Peter -- Abugessaisa, Imad -- Bertin, Nicolas -- Diehl, Alexander D -- Fukuda, Shiro -- Furuno, Masaaki -- Harshbarger, Jayson -- Hasegawa, Akira -- Hori, Fumi -- Ishikawa-Kato, Sachi -- Ishizu, Yuri -- Itoh, Masayoshi -- Kawashima, Tsugumi -- Kojima, Miki -- Kondo, Naoto -- Lizio, Marina -- Meehan, Terrence F -- Mungall, Christopher J -- Murata, Mitsuyoshi -- Nishiyori-Sueki, Hiromi -- Sahin, Serkan -- Nagao-Sato, Sayaka -- Severin, Jessica -- de Hoon, Michiel J L -- Kawai, Jun -- Kasukawa, Takeya -- Lassmann, Timo -- Suzuki, Harukazu -- Kawaji, Hideya -- Summers, Kim M -- Wells, Christine -- FANTOM Consortium -- Hume, David A -- Forrest, Alistair R R -- Sandelin, Albin -- Carninci, Piero -- Hayashizaki, Yoshihide -- P30 CA010815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1010-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1259418. Epub 2015 Feb 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cattle ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Dogs ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bumb, R R -- Crummett, W B -- Cutie, S S -- Gledhill, J R -- Hummel, R H -- Kagel, R O -- Lamparski, L L -- Luoma, E V -- Miller, D L -- Nestrick, T J -- Shadoff, L A -- Stehl, R H -- Woods, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):385-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6159682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/analysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; *Dioxins/analysis ; *Fires ; Power Plants ; Smoke/analysis ; Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/analysis ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1985-09-06
    Description: The neu oncogene, identified in ethylnitrosourea-induced rat neuroglioblastomas, had strong homology with the erbB gene that encodes the epidermal growth factor receptor. This homology was limited to the region of erbB encoding the tyrosine kinase domain. It was concluded that the neu gene is a distinct novel gene, as it is not coamplified with sequences encoding the EGF receptor in the genome of the A431 tumor line and it maps to human chromosome 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schechter, A L -- Hung, M C -- Vaidyanathan, L -- Weinberg, R A -- Yang-Feng, T L -- Francke, U -- Ullrich, A -- Coussens, L -- CA 39964-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 26105/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 6;229(4717):976-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18 ; DNA, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; Neuroblastoma/genetics ; Neuroglia ; *Oncogenes ; Rats ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1998-10-23
    Description: Patients with abetalipoproteinemia, a disease caused by defects in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), do not produce apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. It was hypothesized that small molecule inhibitors of MTP would prevent the assembly and secretion of these atherogenic lipoproteins. To test this hypothesis, two compounds identified in a high-throughput screen for MTP inhibitors were used to direct the synthesis of a highly potent MTP inhibitor. This molecule (compound 9) inhibited the production of lipoprotein particles in rodent models and normalized plasma lipoprotein levels in Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, which are a model for human homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. These results suggest that compound 9, or derivatives thereof, has potential applications for the therapeutic lowering of atherogenic lipoprotein levels in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wetterau, J R -- Gregg, R E -- Harrity, T W -- Arbeeny, C -- Cap, M -- Connolly, F -- Chu, C H -- George, R J -- Gordon, D A -- Jamil, H -- Jolibois, K G -- Kunselman, L K -- Lan, S J -- Maccagnan, T J -- Ricci, B -- Yan, M -- Young, D -- Chen, Y -- Fryszman, O M -- Logan, J V -- Musial, C L -- Poss, M A -- Robl, J A -- Simpkins, L M -- Slusarchyk, W A -- Sulsky, R -- Taunk, P -- Magnin, D R -- Tino, J A -- Lawrence, R M -- Dickson, J K Jr -- Biller, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):751-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Metabolic Diseases, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA. Wetterau_John_R@msmail.bms.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9784135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins B/*blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Carrier Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Cholesterol/*blood ; Cricetinae ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Design ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Fluorenes/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/blood/drug therapy ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/*blood/drug therapy ; Lipids/blood ; Lipoproteins/blood ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Piperidines/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Triglycerides/*blood/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Description: Photocatalysis based on optically active, "plasmonic" metal nanoparticles has emerged as a promising approach to facilitate light-driven chemical conversions under far milder conditions than thermal catalysis. However, an understanding of the relation between thermal and electronic excitations has been lacking. We report the substantial light-induced reduction of the thermal activation barrier for ammonia decomposition on a plasmonic photocatalyst. We introduce the concept of a light-dependent activation barrier to account for the effect of light illumination on electronic and thermal excitations in a single unified picture. This framework provides insight into the specific role of hot carriers in plasmon-mediated photochemistry, which is critically important for designing energy-efficient plasmonic photocatalysts.
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, H L -- Iversen, L L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 12;247(4939):221.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2403696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects/*ultrastructure ; Dibenzocycloheptenes/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects/*ultrastructure ; Phencyclidine/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Vacuoles/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1992-12-11
    Description: Angiogenic factors produced by monocytes-macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by persistent angiogenesis. The possibility was tested that interleukin-8 (IL-8), which is a cytokine that is chemotactic for lymphocytes and neutrophils, is also angiogenic. Human recombinant IL-8 was potently angiogenic when implanted in the rat cornea and induced proliferation and chemotaxis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Angiogenic activity present in the conditioned media of inflamed human rheumatoid synovial tissue macrophages or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated blood monocytes was equally blocked by antibodies to either IL-8 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. An IL-8 antisense oligonucleotide specifically blocked the production of monocyte-induced angiogenic activity. These data suggest a function for macrophage-derived IL-8 in angiogenesis-dependent disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, tumor growth, and wound repair.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koch, A E -- Polverini, P J -- Kunkel, S L -- Harlow, L A -- DiPietro, L A -- Elner, V M -- Elner, S G -- Strieter, R M -- AR30692/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR41492/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HL39926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1798-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1281554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemotaxis/*drug effects ; Cornea/*drug effects/physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/*physiology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology ; Humans ; Interleukin-8/genetics/*pharmacology ; Macrophages/*physiology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monocytes/physiology ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Synovial Fluid/physiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics ; Umbilical Veins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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