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  • 1
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    Forest fires: An example of self-organized critical behavior (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-22
    Description: Despite the many complexities concerning their initiation and propagation, forest fires exhibit power-law frequency-area statistics over many orders of magnitude. A simple forest fire model, which is an example of self-organized criticality, exhibits similar behavior. One practical implication of this result is that the frequency-area distribution of small and medium fires can be used to quantify the risk of large fires, as is routinely done for earthquakes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malamud -- Morein -- Turcotte -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 18;281(5384):1840-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1504, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Geophysical Geodesy. The Slow Deformations of the Earth. Kurt Lambeck. Clarendon (Oxford University Press), New York, 1988. xii, 718 pp., illus. $135; paper, $55 (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turcotte, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):995.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17731887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mathematical model of vulcanian eruptions (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 103 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The problem of an expansion wave propagating into a saturated magma is solved and used as a model of a vulcanian eruption. In our model for an explosive eruption we assume that a drop in pressure leads to the exsolution of magmatic volatiles. Initially the exsolved vapours create bubbles in the magma. We model the subsequent part of the exsolution process in which a foam is created; this is believed to be an essential feature of explosive volcanic eruptions. The foam also has the advantage that it can be modelled as a mixture or ‘pseudo-gas’ without slippage between the phases. Eventually the foam breaks up and becomes volcanic ash. Assuming that the exsolution of vapour is given by Henry's law, that the temperature is constant, that the magma and vapour have equal velocities, and neglecting wall friction and gravitational effects, an analytic solution for pressure, velocity, and vapour fraction is obtained for the expanding mixture in a constant area duct. The exit velocity u for the mixture is u= (ø0RT0)1/2In(P0/p), where ø0 is the original mass fraction of dissolved vapour, R is the gas constant for the vapour, T0 the constant temperature, and p0/p the pressure ratio across the expansion. With ø0= 1 per cent, T0= 1000°K, and p0/p= 100 we find u0= 300ms-1, consistent with observations for vulcanian eruptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb01763.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cascade model for fluvial geomorphology (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 100 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Erosional landscapes are generally scale invariant and fractal. Spectral studies provide quantitative confirmation of this statement. Linear theories of erosion will not generate scale-invariant topography. In order to explain the fractal behaviour of landscapes we have introduced a modified Fourier series that is the basis for a renormalization approach. We have introduced a non-linear dynamical model for the decay of the modified Fourier series coefficients that yield a fractal spectra. We argue that a physical basis for our approach is that a fractal (or nearly fractal) distribution of storms (floods) continually renews erosional features on all scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb00696.x
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