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  • Springer  (103)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (5)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Representation of GaP formation by a reduced order surface kinetics model using p-polarized reflectance measurements (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 674-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This contribution presents results on the parameter estimation of rate constants and optical response factors in a reduced order surface kinetics (ROSK) model, which has been developed to describe the decomposition kinetics of the organometallic precursors involved and their incorporation into the film deposition. As a real-time characterization technique, we applied p-polarized reflectance spectroscopy (PRS) during low temperature growth of epitaxial GaP heterostructures on Si(001) substrates by pulsed chemical beam epitaxy. The high surface sensitivity of PRS allows us to follow alterations in the composition and thickness of the surface reaction layer as they are encountered during periodic precursor supply. Linkage of the PRS response to the ROSK model provides the base for the parameter estimation of the reduced order surface kinetics model, giving insights into the organometallic precursor decomposition and growth kinetics. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370783
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear electroacoustic interaction between a bias electric field and acoustic Lamb modes in LiNbO3 plates (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 1033-1039 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The change in phase velocity produced by a bias electric field on Lamb acoustic waves propagating along yz- and zy-LiNbO3 plates is analyzed here. This effect is interpreted theoretically in terms of the modifications produced by the bias field on the second-order material constants, under the approximation of small-amplitude acoustic waves superposed on a bias. According to this theory, these modifications are linked to the components of the bias field through combinations of second- and third-order material constants. Measurements performed on several Lamb modes lead to the determination of the effective second-order material constants in the presence of a bias field. The results obtained allow the evaluation of the electroelastic effect for acoustic propagation along any direction in the yz plane of the crystal, provided that the bias electric field lies in the same plane. In addition, these results give useful information on the nonlinear properties of the medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341913
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser excitation spectroscopy of the B 1Σ+u(O+u)←a 3Πg(O+g) transition of Cd2: Vibrational analysis and rotational structure (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 6771-6777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The B 1Σ+u←a 3Πg transition of Cd2 (natural abundance) and 114Cd2 has been observed by laser excitation spectroscopy and analyzed. By exciting the Cd2 B←a transition in the visible (560≤λ≤730 nm) while monitoring B 1Σ+u→X 1Σ+g (bound→free) emission in the ultraviolet (∼270–310 nm), more than 40 red-degraded vibrational bands were recorded. Analysis of the spectrum has yielded vibrational constants for both the a 3Πg and B 1Σ+u states: ωe″=153.6±4.0 cm−1, ωe″xe″=0.52±0.06 cm−1, ωe′=105.3±1.0 cm−1, and ωe′xe′=0.44±0.03 cm−1. In addition, ΔRe≡ReB−Rea was determined to be 0.31±0.03 A(ring). Rotational structure has been partially resolved for 114Cd2 bands in the 620–655 nm and 719–723 nm regions, and the spontaneous emission lifetime of the a 3Πg state and the rate constant for quenching of Cd2 (a 3Πg) by collisions with background Cd atoms have been determined to be 8.6±2.5 μs and (2.2±0.3)×10−13 cm3 s−1, respectively. Also, analysis of the B→X emission (Condon internal diffraction) spectra produced when specific B 1Σ+u vibrational levels are populated has yielded ReX−ReB=0.95±0.02 A(ring). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472526
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoabsorption of Kr+2 in the ultraviolet: Revisited (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 4329-4333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoabsorption spectrum of the Kr+2 ground electronic state (X 2Σ+u) has been measured in the ultraviolet (257–355 nm) by a fluorescence suppression technique. Peak absorption is recorded at ∼330 nm and the spectral width of the observed continuum is ∼60 nm (FWHM) which is ∼25% smaller than the value predicted by theory for a Kr+2(X) vibrational distribution thermalized at 300 K. Similar experiments with Ar/Kr mixtures: (1) reveal weak absorption attributed to ArKr+ peaking at ∼280 nm, and (2) suggest that the ArKr+ ion is rapidly converted to Kr+2 by a displacement reaction. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469481
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodissociation of Kr2F(4 2Γ) in the ultraviolet and near-infrared: Wavelength dependence of KrF (B 2Σ) yield (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 5423-5428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoabsorption spectrum of the 4 2Γ excited state of Kr2F has been measured in the 280–850 nm region by fluorescence suppression spectroscopy. Both the 9 2Γ←4 2Γ and 6 2Γ←4 2Γ bands, peaking at 320 and ∼710 nm, respectively, have been observed—the latter for the first time. Although the position of the ultraviolet band is consistent with both theory and previous experiments, its spectral width is ∼40% of that measured by Greene and McCown [Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 1965 (1989)] in absorption experiments in a pulsed discharge. The relative yield of KrF(B) produced in the photodissociation of Kr2F(4 2Γ) was found to be independent of wavelength over the 280–360 nm and 590–840 nm spectral intervals and the mechanism responsible for photodissociation appears to be predissociation of the Kr2F 9 2Γ and 6 2Γ states by potentials correlated with the KrF(D)+Kr and KrF(C)+Kr limits, respectively. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473567
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic models for subpopulation emergence in heterogeneous tumors (1989)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 51 (1989), S. 731-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A stochastic analog to a deterministic model describing subpopulation emergence in heterogeneous tumors is developed. The resulting system is described by the Fokker-Planck or forward Kolmogorov equation. A finite element approach for the numerical solution to this equation is described. Four biological and clinical scenarios are simulated (emergence of heterogeneity, exclusion of a subpopulation, and induction of drug resistance in both pure and heterogeneous tumors). The results of the simulations show that the stochastic model describes the same basic dynamics as its deterministic counterpart via a convective component, but that for each simulation a distribution of tumor sizes and mixes can also be derived from a diffusive component in the model. These distributions yield estimates for subpopulation extinction probabilities. The biological and clinical relevance of these results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459658
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 possesses a two-component polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase similar to that of anoxygenic purple sulfur bacteria (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 170 (1998), S. 162-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsSynechocystis sp. PCC6803 ; Biodegradable polyester ; Polyhydroxyalkanoic acid ; Poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) ; PHA-synthase ; PhaE ; PhaC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During cultivation under storage conditions with BG11 medium containing acetate as a carbon source, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 accumulated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) up to 10% (w/w) of the cell dry weight. Our analysis of the complete Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 genome sequence, which had recently become available, revealed that not only the open reading frame slr1830 (which was designated as phaC) but also the open reading frame slr1829, which is located colinear and upstream of phaC, most probably represent a polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) synthase gene. The open reading frame slr1829 was therefore designated as phaE. The phaE and phaC gene products exhibited striking sequence similarities to the corresponding PHA synthase subunits PhaE and PhaC of Thiocystis violacea, Chromatium vinosum, and Thiocapsa pfennigii. The Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 genes were cloned using PCR and were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and in Alcaligenes eutrophus. Only coexpression of phaE and phaC partially restored the ability to accumulate poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in the PHA-negative mutant A. eutrophus PHB–4. These results confirmed our hypothesis that coexpression of the two genes is necessary for the synthesis of a functionally active Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 PHA synthase. PHA granules were detected by electron microscopy in these cells, and the PHA-granule-associated proteins were studied. Western blot analysis of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 crude cellular extracts and of granule-associated proteins employing antibodies raised against the PHA synthases of A. eutrophus (PhaC) and of C. vinosum (PhaE and PhaC) revealed no immunoreaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050629
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral responses to food volatiles by two species of stored-product coleoptera,Sitophilus oryzae (curculionidae) andTribolium castaneum (tenebrionidae) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 723-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aggregation pheromone ; stored grain ; synergism ; Sitophilus oryzae ; rice weevil ; Tribolium castaneum ; red flour beetle ; bioassay ; sitophinone ; 4,8-dimethyldecanal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the behavioral activity of grain-derived volatiles as attractants and pheromone synergists forSitophilus oryzae, an internal-feeding pest of sound grain, andTribolium castaneum, an external-feeding pest of damaged grains and flour. Behavioral studies with two-choice pitfall bioassays determined that the fresh grain volatiles valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin were attractive toS. oryzae at various doses, butT. castaneum were not attracted to any dose of any of these three compounds. When oils from pressed grains were bioassayed, sesame oil was significantly repellent and oat and wheat germ oils were attractive toS. oryzae. However, rice, soybean, oat, wheat germ, and corn oils were all attractive toT. castaneum. A commercial food product composed primarily of soybean oil and wheat germ was highly attractive toT. castaneum, but elicited no response fromS. oryzae. A combination of the three grain volatiles valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin with the synthetic pheromone sitophinone was more attractive toS. oryzae than either the pheromone alone or the tripartite grain volatile mix. Similarly, a combination of the commercial food product with the pheromone 4,8-dimethyldecanal was more attractive toT. castaneum than either food alone or pheromone alone. Behavioral responses to grain volatiles may reflect the ecological niche of the granivore:S. oryzae colonizes sound grain and is attracted to volatiles characteristic of fresh grain, whileT. castaneum utilizes damaged or deteriorated grains and responds best to oils characteristic of damaged or fungus-infested grain. Synergism of food odors and pheromones suggests that more effective traps can be devised for management of these pest insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985004
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1982)
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 14 (1982), S. 307-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00756067
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feedback Control Methodologies for Nonlinear Systems (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 107 (2000), S. 1-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: nonlinear optimal feedback control ; Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation ; state-dependent Riccati equation ; interpolation of open-loop controls
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A number of computational methods have been proposed in the literature to design and synthesize feedback controls when the plant is modeled by nonlinear dynamics. However, it is not immediately clear which is the best method for a given problem; this may depend on the nature of the nonlinearities, size of the system, whether the amount of control used or time needed for the method is a concern, and other factors. In this paper, a comprehensive comparison study of five methods for the synthesis of nonlinear control systems is carried out. The performance of the methods on several test problems are studied, and some recommendations are made as to which feedback control method is best to use under various conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004607114958
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