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  • Oxford University Press  (20)
  • Copernicus  (15)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (7)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (3)
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  • 1
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    A fault-tolerant addressable spin qubit in a natural silicon quantum dot (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-14
    Description: Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires high-fidelity qubits. This has been achieved in various solid-state systems, including isotopically purified silicon, but is yet to be accomplished in industry-standard natural (unpurified) silicon, mainly as a result of the dephasing caused by residual nuclear spins. This high fidelity can be achieved by speeding up the qubit operation and/or prolonging the dephasing time, that is, increasing the Rabi oscillation quality factor Q (the Rabi oscillation decay time divided by the rotation time). In isotopically purified silicon quantum dots, only the second approach has been used, leaving the qubit operation slow. We apply the first approach to demonstrate an addressable fault-tolerant qubit using a natural silicon double quantum dot with a micromagnet that is optimally designed for fast spin control. This optimized design allows access to Rabi frequencies up to 35 MHz, which is two orders of magnitude greater than that achieved in previous studies. We find the optimum Q = 140 in such high-frequency range at a Rabi frequency of 10 MHz. This leads to a qubit fidelity of 99.6% measured via randomized benchmarking, which is the highest reported for natural silicon qubits and comparable to that obtained in isotopically purified silicon quantum dot–based qubits. This result can inspire contributions to quantum computing from industrial communities.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Phonon drag effect on Seebeck coefficient of ultrathin P-doped Si-on-insulator layers (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: The contribution of the phonon drag effect to the Seebeck coefficient of P-doped ultrathin Si-on-insulator (SOI) layers with a thickness of 9–100 nm is investigated for near-room-temperature applications. The contribution is found to be significant in the lightly doped region and to depend on the carrier concentration with increasing carrier concentration above ∼5 × 10 18  cm −3 . Moreover, the contribution is not influenced by SOI thickness above 9 nm. On the basis of phonon mean-free-path calculations considering phonon scattering processes, the phonon drag part of the SOI Seebeck coefficient in the lightly doped region is mainly governed by phonon-phonon scattering. Furthermore, in higher concentration regions, the dependence of phonon drag can be qualitatively explained by the interaction between phonons and doped impurities.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Oxygen radicals in influenza-induced pathogenesis and treatment with pyran polymer-conjugated SOD (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: The pathogenicity of influenza virus infection in the mice involves, at least in part, overreaction of the immune responses of the host rather than a direct effect of virus multiplication. Xanthine oxidase, which is responsible for the generation of oxygen free radicals, was elevated in serum and lung tissue of mice infected with influenza virus. To test the theory that oxygen-free radicals are involved in pathogenesis, free radicals were removed by injecting superoxide dismutase (SOD), a specific superoxide radical scavenger, which was conjugated with a pyran copolymer. The conjugate protected mice against a potentially lethal influenza virus infection if administered 5 to 8 days after infection. These findings indicate that oxygen radicals are important in the pathogenesis of influenza virus infection, and that a polymer-conjugated SOD has therapeutic potential for this virus infection and other diseases associated with free radicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oda, T -- Akaike, T -- Hamamoto, T -- Suzuki, F -- Hirano, T -- Maeda, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):974-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Free Radicals ; Lung/enzymology/pathology ; Mice ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Phagocytes/metabolism/pathology ; *Polymers/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *Pyran Copolymer/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Superoxide Dismutase/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use ; Superoxides/metabolism ; Xanthine Oxidase/blood/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    A molecular ruler determines the repeat length in eukaryotic cilia and flagella (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: Existence of cellular structures with specific size raises a fundamental question in biology: How do cells measure length? One conceptual answer to this question is by a molecular ruler, but examples of such rulers in eukaryotes are lacking. In this work, we identified a molecular ruler in eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Using cryo-electron tomography, we found that FAP59 and FAP172 form a 96-nanometer (nm)-long complex in Chlamydomonas flagella and that the absence of the complex disrupted 96-nm repeats of axonemes. Furthermore, lengthening of the FAP59/172 complex by domain duplication resulted in extension of the repeats up to 128 nm, as well as duplication of specific axonemal components. Thus, the FAP59/172 complex is the molecular ruler that determines the 96-nm repeat length and arrangements of components in cilia and flagella.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oda, Toshiyuki -- Yanagisawa, Haruaki -- Kamiya, Ritsu -- Kikkawa, Masahide -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):857-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1260214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. ; Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan. ; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. mkikkawa@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Axonemal Dyneins/*chemistry/genetics/ultrastructure ; Chlamydomonas/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cilia/physiology/ultrastructure ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology/ultrastructure ; Flagella/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Pulsed neutron time-dependent intensity modulation for quasi-elastic neutron scattering spectroscopy (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-28
    Description: We propose a basic formula and demonstration for a high-resolution quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) by combining the time-of-flight (TOF) method with Modulation of Intensity by Zero Effort (MIEZE) type neutron spin echo spectroscopy. The MIEZE technique has the potential to develop a unique approach to study on slow dynamics of condensed matter; however, the energy resolution is limited owing to the hypersensitivity of the MIEZE signal contrast to the echo condition, which is strongly affected by the alignment of the instruments and the sample. The narrow allowance of the optimal alignment is a major obstacle to the wide use of this technique. Combining the TOF method with MIEZE (TOF-MIEZE), the hypersensitivity of MIEZE signals is significantly alleviated with a short pulsed beam. This robustness is very useful to optimize experimental alignments and enables accurate measurements of QENS. The experimental results demonstrate the characteristic of the TOF-MIEZE technique and are well described by the formula presented in this study.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    Generation of monoclonal antibodies against the Gal{beta}1-4Gal epitope: A key tool in studies of species-specific glycans expressed in fish, amphibians and birds (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-24
    Description: Whereas the Galβ1-4Gal epitope is rarely found in mammalian glycans, it has been found in glycans of various species of non-mammalian vertebrates, such as fish, amphibians and birds. Although glycans containing Galβ1-4Gal in these vertebrates were detected by precise structural analysis of the glycans using mass spectrometry and/or NMR spectrometry, there are no convenient methods to detect Galβ1-4Gal from various samples. To analyze systematically the distribution of Galβ1-4Gal in nature, we generated mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for Galβ1-4Gal using extracts of medaka eggs as an immunogen. Four mAbs (two immunoglobulin (Ig)Ms and two IgG1s) were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based screening. The specificities of these mAbs were evaluated by frontal affinity chromatography using 142 kinds of 2-aminopyridine (PA)-derivatized oligosaccharides. While all mAbs interacted with (Galβ1-4Gal)-containing oligosaccharides at their non-reducing termini with dissociation constants ( K d ) ranging from 1.0 10 –5 to 2.8 10 –4  M, no apparent interaction was observed with any other glycans. The number of branches containing Galβ1-4Gal on N -glycans did not significantly affect K d of mAbs of IgG1 subclasses, but those of IgM mAbs were decreased by ~1 order of magnitude, in increments of the number of branches present. Using the mAbs, we established that Galβ1-4Gal is also expressed on glycoproteins in various tissues from the African clawed frog. Immunohistochemical staining of medaka sections revealed that Galβ1-4Gal epitopes were expressed in the endothelium, epithelium and epidermis, which directly contact the external environment or invading organisms. Thus, these mAbs are useful for systematically investigating the species-specific expression of glycans, which may act as a barrier against infection.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stark-effect measurement of high free-electron laser electric fields in MTX by laser-aided particle-probe spectroscopy : Eighth topical conference on high−temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2964-2966 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We are constructing a diagnostic system to measure the electric field ((approximately-greater-than)100 kV/cm) of a free-electron laser (FEL) beam when injected into the plasma of the Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX). The apparatus allows a crossed-beam measurement, with 2 cm spatial resolution in the plasma, involving the FEL beam (with 140 GHz, ≈1 GW ECH pulses), a neutral helium beam, and a dye laser beam. After the laser beam pumps metastable helium atoms to higher excited states, their decay light is detected by an efficient optical system. Because of the Stark effect arising from the FEL electric field (E), a forbidden transition can be strongly induced. The intensity of emitted light resulting from the forbidden transition is proportional to E2. Because photon counting rates are estimated to be low, extra effort is made to minimize background and noise levels. It is possible that the lower E of an MTX gyrotron-produced ECH beam with its longer duration pulses can also be measured using this method. Other applications of the apparatus described here may include measurements of ion temperature (using charge-exchange recombination), edge-density fluctuations, and core impurity concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141740
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic method to directly measure electric field distribution in tokamak plasma edge : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1028-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A supersonic helium beam source operated in pulse mode was constructed for direct measurement of electric field distribution in the tokamak plasma edge region with the aid of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. In this technique only the polarization has to be observed of a LIF resulting from a laser-excited forbidden transition due to the Stark effect and the electric quadrupole to determine the electric field strength. No calibration is needed of the absolute intensity of LIF and tunable laser used. The helium atom beam density was obtained (about 1020 He atoms cm−2 s−1) at a distance of 7 cm from the pulsed nozzle. A model-type experiment to make clear the influence of a magnetic field on the LIF is reported. Design study was also made to install the supersonic beam and spectroscopic measurement system on a medium size tokamak. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147778
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of electron density with combined technique of laser blowoff and laser-induced fluorescence (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1036-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A method combining the techniques of laser blowoff and laser-induced fluorescence has been developed in order to measure the local electron density below 1013 cm−3. Characteristics of a Li0 beam produced by laser blowoff of a thin Li film are investigated using beam–plasma interactions and laser-induced fluorescence. Such a beam has a near-Maxwellian velocity distribution with a temperature around 4.5 eV and a density of the order of 1010 cm−3 at a distance of about 1 m from the film target. The feasibility of measuring electron density with this Li0 beam and a dye laser is demonstrated with an ECR plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138260
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarized laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy for measuring electric field distribution in plasmas : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 903-907 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A sensitive and reliable spectroscopic system measuring simultaneously polarized components of time-resolved laser induced fluorescence (LIF) is being developed for determining electric field distribution in transient plasmas under strong magnetic field. In this LIF method which we have already proposed, only the polarization has to be observed of a LIF due to a laser-excited forbidden transition caused by both the Stark effect and the electric quadrupole (QDP) moment in the plasmas. Temporal evolution of both the polarized LIF components is simultaneously observed using a Glan–Thompson polarizing beamsplitter with extinction ratio of 10−5 and a pair of photomultipliers with fast rise time. The polarization components observed in a hollow cathode discharge He plasma under magnetic field of 2.5 kG were successfully analyzed and electric field distribution in the sheath region was accurately estimated using this procedure. It was also shown that electric field strength was determined from the intensity ratio of the Stark and QDP components separated in the strong magnetic field. We briefly discuss the applicability of this spectroscopic system to diagnostic in the edge region of tokamak plasmas. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149447
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