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  • 1
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    Isotopic evidence for variations in the marine calcium cycle over the Cenozoic (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-19
    Description: Significant variations in the isotopic composition of marine calcium have occurred over the last 80 million years. These variations reflect deviations in the balance between inputs of calcium to the ocean from weathering and outputs due to carbonate sedimentation, processes that are important in controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and, hence, global climate. The calcium isotopic ratio of paleo-seawater is an indicator of past changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide when coupled with determinations of paleo-pH.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De La Rocha, C L -- DePaolo, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 18;289(5482):1176-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Berkeley Center for Isotope Geochemistry, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10947981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Isotopes ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbonates/metabolism ; Eukaryota/*metabolism ; Geologic Sediments ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Marine Biology ; Plankton/*metabolism ; Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Field measurement of slow metamorphic reaction rates at temperatures of 500 degrees to 600 degrees C (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-29
    Description: High-temperature metamorphic reaction rates were measured using strontium isotopic ratios of garnet and whole rock from a field site near Simplon Pass, Switzerland. For metamorphic conditions of cooling from 612 degrees +/- 17 degrees C to 505 degrees +/- 15 degrees C at pressures up to 9.1 kilobars, the inferred bulk fluid-rock exchange rate is 1.3(-0.4)(+1.1) x 10(-7) grams of solid reacted per gram of solid per year, several orders of magnitude lower than laboratory-based estimates. The inferred reaction rate suggests that mineral chemistry may lag the evolving conditions in Earth's crust during mountain building.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baxter -- DePaolo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 26;288(5470):1411-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, 301 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10827949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 3
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    A mantle plume initiation model for the wrangellia flood basalt and other oceanic plateaus (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: The vast Wrangellia terrane of Alaska and British Columbia is an accreted oceanic plateau with Triassic strata that contain a 3- to 6-kilometers thick flood basalt, bounded above and below by marine sedimentary rocks. This enormous outpouring of basalt was preceded by rapid uplift and was followed by gradual subsidence of the plateau. The uplift and basalt eruptions occurred in less than approximately 5 million years, and were not accompanied by significant extension or rifting of the lithosphere. This sequence of events is predicted by a mantle plume initiation, or plume head, model that has recently been developed to explain continental flood volcanism. Evidence suggests that other large oceanic basalt plateaus, such as the Ontong-Java, Kerguelen, and Caribbean, were formed as the initial outbursts of the Louisville Ridge, Kerguelen, and Galapagos hot spots, respectively. Such events may play an important role in the creation and development of both oceanic and continental crust.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richards, M A -- Jones, D L -- Duncan, R A -- Depaolo, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):263-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17787974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    Diffusive isotopic contamination of mafic magma by coexisting silicic liquid in the muskox intrusion (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-07
    Description: Shifts in (87)Sr/(86)Sr and (143)Nd/(144)Nd ratios measured in cumulates from the upper levels of the Muskox mafic intrusion indicate that isotopic and bulk chemical exchange were decoupled across a mafic-silicic liquid interface during crystallization of the intrusion. Modeling of diffusive exchange between liquid layers demonstrates that isotopic compositions of silicate liquids in layered magma chambers may be strongly affected by this process on time scales of 10(3) to 10(4) years. Diffusive contamination can be used to place constraints on the physical processes and time scales of magmatic systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stewart, B W -- Depaolo, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 7;255(5045):708-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17756951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Seawater strontium isotopic variations from 2.5 million years ago to the present (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-06
    Description: Measurements of marine carbonate samples indicate that during the past 2.5 million years the (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio of seawater has increased by 14 x 10(-5). The high average rate of increase of (87)Sr/(86)Sr indicates that continental weathering rates were exceptionally high. Nonuniformity in the rate of increase suggests that weathering rates fluctuated by as much as +/-30 percent of present-day values. Some of the observed shifts in weathering rates are contemporaneous with climatic changes inferred from records of oxygen isotopes and carbonate preservation in deep sea sediments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Capo, R C -- Depaolo, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 6;249(4964):51-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17787626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 6
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    Formation of Box Canyon, Idaho, by megaflood: implications for seepage erosion on Earth and Mars (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Amphitheater-headed canyons have been used as diagnostic indicators of erosion by groundwater seepage, which has important implications for landscape evolution on Earth and astrobiology on Mars. Of perhaps any canyon studied, Box Canyon, Idaho, most strongly meets the proposed morphologic criteria for groundwater sapping because it is incised into a basaltic plain with no drainage network upstream, and approximately 10 cubic meters per second of seepage emanates from its vertical headwall. However, sediment transport constraints, 4He and 14C dates, plunge pools, and scoured rock indicate that a megaflood (greater than 220 cubic meters per second) carved the canyon about 45,000 years ago. These results add to a growing recognition of Quaternary catastrophic flooding in the American northwest, and may imply that similar features on Mars also formed by floods rather than seepage erosion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamb, Michael P -- Dietrich, William E -- Aciego, Sarah M -- Depaolo, Donald J -- Manga, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1067-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1156630.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-4768, USA. mpl@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disasters ; Geography ; *Geologic Sediments ; Idaho ; *Mars ; Time ; *Water
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  • 7
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    Oxygen isotope variations at the margin of a CAI records circulation within the solar nebula (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-10
    Description: Micrometer-scale analyses of a calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) and the characteristic mineral bands mantling the CAI reveal that the outer parts of this primitive object have a large range of oxygen isotope compositions. The variations are systematic; the relative abundance of (16)O first decreases toward the CAI margin, approaching a planetary-like isotopic composition, then shifts to extremely (16)O-rich compositions through the surrounding rim. The variability implies that CAIs probably formed from several oxygen reservoirs. The observations support early and short-lived fluctuations of the environment in which CAIs formed, either because of transport of the CAIs themselves to distinct regions of the solar nebula or because of varying gas composition near the proto-Sun.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simon, Justin I -- Hutcheon, Ian D -- Simon, Steven B -- Matzel, Jennifer E P -- Ramon, Erick C -- Weber, Peter K -- Grossman, Lawrence -- DePaolo, Donald J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 4;331(6021):1175-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1197970.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astromaterials Research Office KR111, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA. justin.i.simon@nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 8
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    Geology. Deep origin of hotspots--the mantle plume model (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DePaolo, Donald J -- Manga, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):920-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. depaolo@eps.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 9
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    Mechanisms of magma generation beneath hawaii and mid-ocean ridges: uranium/thorium and samarium/neodymium isotopic evidence (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: Measurements of uranium/thorium and samarium/neodymium isotopes and concentrations in a suite of Hawaiian basalts show that uranium/thorium fractionation varies systematically with samarium/neodymium fractionation and major-element composition; these correlations can be understood in terms of simple batch melting models with a garnet-bearing peridotite magma source and melt fractions of 0.25 to 6.5 percent. Midocean ridge basalts shows a systematic but much different relation between uranium/thorium fractionation and samarium/neodymium fractionation, which, although broadly consistent with melting of a garnet-bearing peridotite source, requires a more complex melting model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sims, K W -- Depaolo, D J -- Murrell, M T -- Baldridge, W S -- Goldstein, S J -- Clague, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):508-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17788786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 10
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    A positive test of East Antarctica-Laurentia juxtaposition within the Rodinia supercontinent (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-16
    Description: The positions of Laurentia and other landmasses in the Precambrian supercontinent of Rodinia are controversial. Although geological and isotopic data support an East Antarctic fit with western Laurentia, alternative reconstructions favor the juxtaposition of Australia, Siberia, or South China. New geologic, age, and isotopic data provide a positive test of the juxtaposition with East Antarctica: Neodymium isotopes of Neoproterozoic rift-margin strata are similar; hafnium isotopes of approximately 1.4-billion-year-old Antarctic-margin detrital zircons match those in Laurentian granites of similar age; and a glacial clast of A-type granite has a uraniun-lead zircon age of approximately 1440 million years, an epsilon-hafnium initial value of +7, and an epsilon-neodymium initial value of +4. These tracers indicate the presence of granites in East Antarctica having the same age, geochemical properties, and isotopic signatures as the distinctive granites in Laurentia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodge, J W -- Vervoort, J D -- Fanning, C M -- Brecke, D M -- Farmer, G L -- Williams, I S -- Myrow, P M -- DePaolo, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):235-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1159189.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA. jgoodge@d.umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18621666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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