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  • Articles  (143)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (131)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (12)
  • Biology  (143)
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  • Articles  (143)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the physiology of the liver VI. The effect of total removal of the liver in lower vertebratesContribution from the United States Fisheries Biological Station, Fairport, Iowa, and the Mayo Clinic. Read before Section F (Zoölogical Sciences) at the seventy-eighth meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Society of Zoölogists, Cincinnati, Ohio, December 27, 1923, to January 2, 1924. (1925)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 41 (1925), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of removal of the liver has been noted in fishes, frogs, and turtles. As in the higher vertebrates, removal of the liver produced a fall in blood sugar and a loss in muscular tone. The lower vertebrates failed to respond to intravenous injections of glucose, as do the birds and mammals. They also fail to respond to maltose or levulose. The liver maintained the blood-sugar level in the lower vertebrates, which is necessary for the maintenance of life.The mechanism of carbohydrate metabolism in the lower vertebrates may be different from that in the higher ones, in that glucose, when injected intravenously, apparently exercises a progressively less beneficial effect on the characteristic hypoglycemic condition which follows the removal of the liver of mammals and cold-blooded vertebrates.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050410108
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoblast migration on poly(α-hydroxy esters) (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 50 (1996), S. 443-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: osteoblast ; migration ; poly(αhydroxy esters) ; poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) ; PLGA ; biodegradable polymers ; tissue engineering ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We investigated the migration of rat calvaria osteoblast populations on poly(α-hydroxy ester) films for up to 14 days to determine effects of substrate composition and culture conditions on the migratory characteristics of osteoblasts. Initial osteoblast culture conditions included cell colonies formed by seeding a high (84,000 cells/cm2) or low (42,000 cells/cm2) density of isolated osteoblasts on the polymer films, and bone tissue cultures formed by plating bone chips directly on the substrates. High density osteoblast colonies cultured and allowed to migrate and proliferate radially on 85:15 poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) films, 75:25 PLGA films, and tissue culture polystyrene controls demonstrated that the copolymer ratio in the polymer films did not affect the rate of increase in substrate surface area (or culture area) covered by the growing cell colony. However, the rate of increase in culture area was dependent on the initial osteoblast seeding density. Initial cell colonies formed with a lower osteoblast seeding density on 75:25 PLGA resulted in a lower rate of increase in culture area, specifically 4.9 ± 0.3 mm2/day, versus 14.1 ± 0.7 mm2/day for colonies seeded with a higher density of cells on the same polymer films. The proliferation rate for osteoblasts in the high and low density seeded osteoblast colonies did not differ, whereas the proliferation rate for the osteoblasts arising from the bone chips was lower than either of these isolated cell colonies. Confocal and light microscopy revealed that the osteoblast migration occurred as a monolayer of individual osteoblasts and not a calcified tissue front. These results demonstrated that cell seeding conditions strongly affect the rates of osteoblast migration and proliferation on biodegradable poly(α-hydroxy esters). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of neuronal intermediate filaments: A developmental perspective (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 22 (1992), S. 81-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970220202
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic analysis of a microbial process: A systems engineering approach (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 377-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general mathematical model of the chemostat system is developed in order to define an experimental program of dynamic testing. A glucose-limited culture ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae was grown in a chemostat using chemically defined medium. The chemostat was perturbed from an initial steady state by changes in input glucose concentration, dilution rate, pH, and temperature. Dynamic responses of cell mass, glucose, cell number, RNA, and protein concentrations were measured. A number of simulation techniques were used in developing a dynamic mathematical model and in comparing the developed model with experimental data as well as the Monod model. The resulting model was found to be quantitatively accurate and superior to the Monod model. The developed model was interpreted in the light of cell physiology. Adjustment of intracellular RNA fraction was found to be rate limiting in acceleration of cell specific growth rate.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260150212
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Galactose and glucose metabolism in galactokinase deficient, galactose-1-P-uridyl transferase deficient and normal human fibroblasts (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 85 (1975), S. 569-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Despite the genetic interruption of the Leloir pathway both galactosemic patients and galactosemic fibroblasts can convert galactose to CO2 and TCA precipitable products, although at less than the normal rate. These observations stimulated investigations into the identity of the alternative metabolic routes which allow for galactose metabolism in the absence of in vitro galactose-1-P-uridyl transferase. Four lines of galactosemic cells, each without detectable gal-transferase, produced 14CO2 from [1-14C]-galactose (0.094 μmoles in 20 cc of medium) at approximately 39% ± 16% the rate of transferase positive cells over a 48-hour period. However, galactokinase deficient fibroblasts produced 14CO2 and TCA precipitable products from [1-14C] -galactose or [U-14C] -galactose at only 3% to 9% the rate of normal fibroblasts. Therefore it seems likely that galtransferase deficient fibroblasts must first synthesize galactose-1-P for further metabolism of galactose.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040850308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An X-ray microanalysis survey of the concentration of elements in the cytoplasm of different mammalian cell types (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 101 (1979), S. 493-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Electron probe energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was performed on freeze-dried tissue sections. The dry weight concentration of elements (mmole/kg dry weight) was measured in the cytoplasm of several cell types from adult mice and rats. This comparative investigation showed: (1) That the energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of element concentration from the cytoplasm of a specific cell type allows one to distinguish this specific cell type from other cell types with considerable accuracy. (2) That there is a relationship between the concentration of the various elements and the ultrastructural features of the cytoplasmic regions being analyzed. For example, areas rich in ribosomes are also rich in P, K and Mg. (3) These data support the idea that K is directly involved in the control of protein synthesis. The catalog of element concentrations in the cytoplasm of 13 cell types from both mice and rats should be of value to others who seek to answer various questions about these cell types.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041010315
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular concentration of potassium and other elements in vaginal epithelial cells stimulated by estradiol administration (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 104 (1980), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Electron probe x-ray microanalysis was used to measure cytoplasmic elemental content (in mmoles/kg dry weight) of the basal layer of cells of the vaginal epithelium of ovariectomized rats. Measurements were made both before estradiol injection and at 2 hr, 17 hr, and 24 hr after estradiol administration. Mitotic figures first appeared in the basal cell layer at 24 hr. During the course of the study significant time-dependent differences were seen in the content of all elements measured. A pattern of change in cytoplasmic content was seen for Na, P, S, and Cl; all of which decrease significantly by 17 hr and then return to approximately the nonstimulated concentration by 24 hr. On the other hand K, and to a lesser extent Mg, show an early and continued increase in cytoplasmic content after estradiol injection. Thus, the marked increase in the intracytoplasmic content of K in the estradiol treated cells suggests that K, or the ratio of Na to K, may be directly or indirectly involved in growth stimulation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041040115
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding and activation of plasminogen on the surface of osteosarcoma cells (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 159 (1994), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Plasmin (Pm) is a broad action serine protease implicated in numerous physiological functions. In bone, Pm may play a role in growth, resorption, metastasis, and the activation of growth factors. The various components of the Pm system are known to bind and function on the cell surface of various cell types, but no pertinent data are available describing membrane-bound Pm or its zymogen, plasminogen (Pg), in either normal or neoplastic bone cells. We report here that Pg binds to the surface of the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 and is activated to Pm by endogenous urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). These conclusions are based on experiments utilizing radiolabeled compounds and a cell surface proteolytic assay measuring amidolytic activity of Pm. 125I-Pg binding to cells was time dependent, saturable, reversible, and specific. Binding was characterized by a relatively low affinity (Kd ∼0.9 μM) and a high capacity (∼7.5 x 106 sites/cell). The binding of 125I-Pg was associated with lysine binding sites of the plasminogen molecule. Activation of 125I-Pg to 125I-Pm occurred on the cell surface and was dependent upon cell bound uPA, as determined by inhibitory antibodies. Binding of Pg to MG-63 monolayers represented ∼80% bound specifically to the cell surface and the remainder to the surrounding extracellular matrix. Either co-incubation with uPA or pre-incubation with Pm resulted in increased 125I-Pg binding to osteosarcoma cells. Cell surface Pm proteolytic activity was confirmed by an amidolytic chromogenic assay. Both Pm and Pg bound to cells with Pg being activated by endogenous uPA. Plasmin activated on the cell surface was partially protected from inhibition by α2-antiPm (requiring Pm lysine binding site interaction) but inhibited by aprotinin, (interacting directly with the Pm catalytic site). Resistance of cell bound Pm to α2-antiPm inhibition suggests that cell surface proteolysis can occur in the presence of a soluble Pm inhibitor known to exist in the extracellular space. Based on these results, we speculate that the various bone physiological processes implicating Pm may occur at or near the bone cell surface. © 1994 wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041590102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of increased basement membrane invasiveness with absence of estrogen receptor and expression of vimentin in human breast cancer cell lines (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 150 (1992), S. 534-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Lack of estrogen receptor (ER) and presence of vimentin (VIM) associate with poor prognosis in human breast cancer. We have explored the relationships between ER, VIM, and invasiveness in human breast cancer cell lines. In the matrigel outgrowth assay, ER+/VIM- (MCF-7, T47D, ZR-75-1), and ER-/VIM- (MDA-MB-468, SK-Br-3) cell lines were uninvasive, while ER-/VIM+ (BT549, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-436, Hs578T) lines formed invasive, penetrating colonies. Similarly, ER-/VIM+ cell lines were significantly more invasive than either the ER+/VIM- or ER-/VIM- cell lines in the Boyden chamber chemoinvasion assay. Invasive activity in nude mice was only seen with ER-/VIM+ cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-436. Hs578T cells (ER-/VIM +) showed hematogenous dissemination to the lungs in one of five mice, but lacked local invasion. The ER-/VIM+ MCF-7ADR subline was significantly more active than the MCF-7 cells in vitro, but resembled the wild-type MCF-7 parent in in vivo activity. Data from these cell lines suggest that human breast cancer progression results first in the loss of ER, and subsequently in VIM acquisition, the latter being associated with increased metastatic potential through enhanced invasiveness. The MCF-7ADR data provide evidence that this transition can occur in human breast cancer cells. Vimentin expression may provide useful insights into mechanisms of invasion and/or breast cancer cell progression.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041500314
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human senescence (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 18 (1996), S. 1009-1016 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human life expectancy has increased dramatically through improvements in public health, housing, nutrition and general living standards. Lifespan is now limited chiefly by intrinsic senescence and its associated frailty and diseases. Understanding the biological basis of the ageing process is a major scientific challenge that will require integration of molecular, cellular, genetic and physiological approaches. This article reviews progress that has been made to date, particularly with regard to the genetic contribution to senescence and longevity, and assesses the scale of the task that remains.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950181211
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