ISSN:
1432-0703
Source:
Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
Topics:
Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
,
Medicine
Notes:
Abstract. The acute toxicity of potassium (K+) to adult zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, and the efficacy of using K+ to enhance the toxicity of a commercial biocide was examined. Mussels, 15–20 mm in total shell length, collected from Lake Ontario, were exposed to static concentrations of K+ for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and to a sublethal concentration of K+ prior to and during exposure to Clam-Trol® CT-2 for 6, 12, and 24 h. Tests were conducted at ambient lake temperatures of 12°C and 22°C and mussels were subjected to a 96 h recovery period. Valve closure was inhibited in mussels exposed to sublethal as well as lethal concentrations of K+, resulting in mussels that were nonresponsive to tactile stimulation. The median effective concentration (ED50) of K+ to induce nonresponsive mussels increased as the length of the recovery period was extended from 24 to 96 h, indicating that some nonresponsive mussels were capable of recovering 96 h after exposure to the K+ treatments. A recovery period duration of 96 h was critical in assessing mortality in mussels exposed to high K+ levels and the use of tactile stimulation to test for valve responsiveness was insufficient to identify mortality. The 24 h median lethal concentration (LC50) of K+ at 22°C (400 mg/L) was found to be sixfold higher than the LC50 reported by other investigators utilizing shorter recovery periods. The LC50 of the biocide to mussels treated with K+ was not reduced, suggesting that the use of K+ to inhibit valve closure may not be useful in methods to control mussel infestations.
Type of Medium:
Electronic Resource
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900316
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