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  • Springer  (122)
  • Institute of Physics  (45)
  • Copernicus  (23)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 255 (1977), S. 111-119 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Using a “shell model” to mimic the structure of the valence electron orbitals in polyethylene, we achieve a detailed description of the vibrations of the all-trans molecule. The sp3 hybridized, outer carbon orbitals are represented by a rigid “valence tetrapod”. The non-central interactions between covalently bound C atoms are described as resulting from translations and rotations of these rigid “shells” one relative to another. The restoring forces, thus, do not result from bond-angle deformations (“many-atom” forces!), but rather from changes in mutual overlap of the spa/3 functions — represented by mutual displacements of the “shells” (“two-atom” forces!). The C–H bond is simulated in an analogous manner. In addition to these forces due to the covalent bonds, Van-der-Waals-type forces up to second neighbours, and a “rotation potential” around the C-C axis are taken into account. By our model, with comparatively few adjustable parameters, it has been possible to reproduce quite accurately the experimental dispersion curves of polyethylene (as reconstructed from the infrared and Raman data of the paraffines). Differences between the forms of vibrational motion in our model and in the “Valence Force Field” description show up in the amplitude-weighted phonon frequency spectrum which determines the incoherent neutron scattering cross section.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von quantenmechanischen Modellvorstellungen über die Struktur der Elektronenhülle des Polyäthylenmoleküls wird eine detaillierte Beschreibung der Schwingungen des all-trans-Moleküls mittels eines „shell-model” erreicht. Die sp3-hybridisierten äußeren Elektronenwellenfunktionen des Kohlenstoffs werden durch ein starres Valenzvierbein dargestellt. Die nicht-zentrale Wechselwirkung zwischen kovalent gebundenen C-Atomen wird auf Verschiebungen und Rotationen der starren Valenzvierbeine gegeneinander zurückgeführt. Die Rückstellkräfte resultieren in diesem Modell nicht von Winkeldeformationen der Valenzwinkel (Mehrkörperkräfte), sondern von Änderungen des Wellenfunktionsüberlapps der sp3-Funktionen — dargestellt durch gegenseitige Verrückungen der shells (Zweikörperkräfte). In entsprechender Weise wird die C–H-Bindung beschrieben. Zu diesen durch die kovalenten Bindungen verursachten Kräften werden van-der-Waals-Kräfte zwischen maximal übernächsten Nachbarn und ein Rotationspotential um die C–C-Bindungsachse hinzugenommen. Mit diesem Modell gelingt es, mit vergleichsweise wenigen Parametern eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen den theoretischen Dispersionskurven von Polyäthylen und den experimentellen Kurven zu erreichen, soweit diese mit Hilfe der Infrarot- und Ramandaten der Paraffine in ihrem ω (k)-Verlauf konstruierbar sind. Unterschiede in den aus unserem Potentialmodell resultierenden Bewegungsformen des Moleküls im Vergleich zum Valenzkraftfeld werden an Hand der den inkohärenten Neutronenstreuquerschnitt bestimmenden amplitudengewichteten Phononendichtefunktionen erkennbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Co hyperfine fields have been determined in the intermetallic compounds LaCo13, LaCo5, YCo5 and ThCo5 by means of inelastic spin flip scattering of neutrons. The relatively low hyperfine fields observed for the two Co sites in LaCo5, YCo5 and ThCo5 have been interpreted as resulting from a partial cancellation of the contributions of core polarization, orbital moments and conduction electron polarization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (1977), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The possibility of measuring nuclear spin waves (NSW) by inelastic neutron scattering is discussed. The differential cross section and scattered state polarization for the scattering of thermal neutrons from systems described by the Suhl-Nakamura Hamiltonian are developed in the Van Hove correlation function formalism; the relevant correlation functions for the Suhl-Nakamura system are computed. The implications of these calculations for the feasibility of detecting nuclear spin wave modes in neutron scattering experiments are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 32 (1978), S. 49-58 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have made a model calculation for the decay of phase coherence of muon spin rotation in the case of muon diffusion in the presence of traps. First we have developed a random-walk theory of the decay functionP(t), for diffusion in homogeneous systems, and obtained an explicit expression in the frequency domain previously found by Kubo. We have derivedP(t) in the time domain by numerical inversion of the Laplace transform applying the recently developed Korrektur method. The result coincides with the usual Gaussian-Markovian theory for slow and fast modulation, and deviates at most by 8% in the intermediate region. We have extended our theory to a two-state description for capture and release processes on traps and found an analytic expression equivalent to the NMR lineshapeI(ω). The results for the decay function agree with experimental results for muon diffusion in metals with traps. Finally we have compared our theory with approximate calculations of the decay function and the damping rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract The total dissolved load of the Rhine river increases downstream due to the combined impact of natural and pollution loads. The natural background, controlled by geology, is soon swamped by pollution, particularly from salt and coal mining activities in Alsace and the Ruhr area. The Rhine is also a net source of CO2 from oxidation of excess organic productivity that is fuelled by nutrient pollution, a problem even more serious for some of its tributaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 54 (1967), S. 117-117 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sulfur (S) cycling in a chestnut oak forest on Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee, was dominated by geochemical processes involving sulfate. Even though available SO 4 2- was present far in excess of forest nutritional requirements, the ecosystem as a whole accumulated ∼60% of incoming SO4−S. Most (90%) of this accumulation occurred by SO 4 2- adsorption in sesquioxide-rich subsurface soils, with a relatively minor amount accumulating and cycling as SO 4 2- within vegetative components. Organic sulfates are thought to constitute a large proportion of total S in surface soils, also, and to provide a pool of readily mineralized available S within the ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 7:65; 33:00; 42.60; 42.65; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 3 (PPLN) is reported. Minimum detectable concentration of 30 ppb was achieved with a compact, portable room-temperature gas sensor configured for formaldehyde (H2CO) detection. This sensitivity, coupled with high selectivity and long term stability, is sufficient for various environmental applications.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 07.88.+y; 42.62.Fi; 42.65.-k
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 3 for on-line absorption measurements of H2CO, CH4, and H2O near 3.5 μm is reported. Formaldehyde levels of 30 ppb, corresponding to absorptions of 2×10-4 have been measured using absorption spectroscopy. In this paper we report specifically the performance of this sensor as part of the 1997 Lunar–Mars Life Support Test program at the NASA Johnson Space Center.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 7.65; 42.60B; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 3 (PPLN) crystal pumped by two single-frequency diode lasers. A maximum DFG power of 1.6 μW at 3.6 μm was generated with a pump power of 61.4 mW at 832 nm and a signal power of 41.5 mW at 1083 nm incident on a 19-mm-long PPLN crystal, which corresponds to a conversion efficiency of 335 μW W-2 cm-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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