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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (3)
  • Semi-arid shrubs  (2)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
  • Springer  (2)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Physical Society
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Verlag/Herausgeber
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
  • Springer  (2)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Physical Society
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Oecologia 102 (1995), S. 238-245 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Browsing responses ; Semi-arid shrubs ; Nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation ; Regrowth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Nonstructural carbohydrate allocation patterns in response to different frequencies of simulated browsing (leaf and twig removal) were studied in the following semi-arid shrubs: Osteospermum sinuatum, a dwarf deciduous shrub, Pteronia pallens, a dwarf evergreen shrub, and Ruschia spinosa, a dwarf leaf-succulent shrub. Simulated browsing at all frequencies resulted in the elevation, or had no effect, on total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations of O. sinuatum plant parts, and resulted in the decrease in TNC concentrations of R. spinosa plant parts. The responses of P. pallens were intermediate with elevations as well as declines in TNC concentrations of plant parts measured in response to various clipping frequencies. At the low frequency of simulated browsing (every 26 weeks) elevations in plant TNC content were measured in the two non-succulent shrubs O. sinuatum and P. pallens. It was concluded that the overcompensation with respect to TNC accumulation observed in the two non-succulent species represents one of the ways in which excess photosynthate is utilized by browsed shrubs with a limited regiowth potential. Simulated browsing was the least detrimental with respect to biomass production to the non-succulent O. sinuatum and P. pallens, and most injurious to the leaf-succulent shrub, R. spinosa. The observed TNC allocation patterns could not adequately explain the variation among species in the production of new growth and it was concluded that some factor(s) other than the carbon resource was limiting regrowth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Oecologia 96 (1993), S. 562-568 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Induced defence ; Clipping ; Semi-arid shrubs ; Herbivore-deterrents
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Allocation of carbon to chemical defences has often been suggested to be a direct response to browsing or grazing by herbivores. This study quantitatively compares total polyphenol and tannin production in response to simulated browsing of three karoo shrubs in order to test this induced defence hypothesis. The three species studied responded to browsing either by rapid regrowth or by increasing polyphenol production in the remaining tissues. The patterns did not follow any phylogenetic relationships but were weakly associated with the palatability of each species. The highly palatable deciduous species Osteospermum sinuatum, which is capable of rapid regrowth, showed no or very low levels of constitutive and browsing-induced total polyphenols, condensed tannins and protein-precipitating tannins. The evergreen sclerophyllous species Pteronia pallens showed a limited regrowth capacity and had intermediate levels of polyphenols, while the evergreen succulent species Ruschia spinosa showed almost no regrowth over the study period. R. spinosa contained the highest constitutive and browsing-induced levels of polyphenols, condensed tannins and protein-precipitating tannins. In two of the species more than one anti-herbivore defence feature co-occur. P. pallens foliage contains both hepatotoxins and polyphenols while R. spinosa has both structural (spines) and chemical defences. Responses of karoo shrubs to simulated browsing are interpreted as the result of passive alterations in plant chemistry rather than as an active defence response to herbivores.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 17 (1981), S. 41-45 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The rates of interconversion of the cis and trans rotational isomers of N-trifluoroacetyl-N-methylbenzylamine have been determined by a variety of NMR lineshape experiments and by several double resonance methods. Comparison of the results for the slow exchange region suggests that a Fourier transform version of the transfer of saturation method of Forsen and Hoffman, as well as transfer of magnetization after selective 180° inversion of the resonance of one rotamer, give rate constants nearly as reliable as lineshape methods. Use of the rate of signal recovery after saturation of the resonance of one rotamer gave results which were less accurate. The available data produced the following activation parameters for amide rotation in this compound: ΔG
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 7 (1975), S. 249-255 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The Carr-Purcell experiment first used by Allerhand and Gutowsky for the determination of chemical exchange rates has been applied to the study of an enzyme inhibitor complex. Chemical shift and relaxation time data obtained by analysis of pulsed fluorine NMR data collected at 51 MHz are shown to be consistent with high resolution results assembled at 94° 1 MHz. The rate constants for dissociation of the N-trifluoroacetyl-D-tryptophan-α-chymotrypsin complex were determined to be 1 × 104 s-1 at 26°C and 2 × 103 s-1 at 6·5°C. The resonance position of the fluorine nuclei of the inhibitor is shifted downfield ∼1 ppm upon complexation to the enzyme, and the trifluoromethyl group suffers some restriction of molecular motion in the bound state as indicated by T1 and T2 data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Androstanes with a trans connected A/B ring system and hydroxy groups in positions 3, 7 and 17 show in their mass spectra key ions of mass 99 and 178. The ion of mass 99 contains the carbon atoms of ring D, and the ion of mass 178 those of the A/B ring system and C-11. If the rings A and B are cis connected, the ion of mass 178 is produced with much lower abundance and the ion of mass 99 is almost absent. The α or β position of a hydroxy group in position 7 can be deduced from the spectra of corresponding trimethylsilyl derivatives: a fragment of [M — 131] dominated by presence of a 7α-trimethylsilyl ether group and trans connection of the A/B ring system. Determination of the configuration of the hydroxy group in position 3 is very difficult. Analogous fragments are observed in the spectra of the corresponding 7, 17-dihydroxyandrostan-3-ones.
    Notizen: Androstanes mit trans-verknüpftem A/B-Ringsystem und Hydroxylgruppen in den Stellungen 3, 7 und 17 zeigen in ihren Massenspektren Schlüsselionen der Massen 99 und 178. Das Ion der Masse 99 enthält die C-Atome des Ringes D, das der Masse 178 die der Ringe A und B sowie C-11. Bei cis-Verknüpfung des A/B-Ringsystems wird das Ion der Masse 178 mit bedeutend geringerer Intensität gebildet, das Ion der Masse 99 fehlt nahezu. Die Stellung der Hydroxylfunktion in der Position 7 läßt sich aus den Spektren entsprechender Trimethylsilyläther ableiten: Bei Gegenwart einer 7α-ständigen Trimethylsilyläthergruppe und trans-Verknüpfung der Ringe A und B dominieren [M  -  131] Spaltstücke. Eine Kontigurationszuordnung der Hydroxylgruppen in Stellung 3 ist nur sehr schwer möglich. Analoge Spaltstücke treten in den Spektren der entsprechenden 7,17-Dihydroxyandrostan-3-one auf.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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