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  • Wiley  (47)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (18)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of surface morphology in wafer bonding (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The strain patterns detected by x-ray topography in wafers bonded for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology were found related to the flatness nonuniformity of the original wafers. Local stresses due to the bonding process are estimated to be about 1×108 dynes/cm2. The stress is reduced about 100 times for the thin (0.5 μm) SOI films. Most of the wafer deformation occurs during room temperature mating of the wafers. The deformation is purely elastic even at 1200 °C. The magnitude of the stress appears insignificant for complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347760
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energies of CH2OH, CH3O, and related compounds (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 4040-4043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Gaussian-2 (G2) theoretical procedure, based on ab initio molecular orbital theory, is used to calculate the energies of CH2OH, CH3O, and their cations. The resulting G2 adiabatic ionization potential for CH3O of 10.78 eV supports the new value of 10.726±0.008 eV reported by Ruscic and Berkowitz [J. Chem. Phys. 95, xxxx (1991)] from a photoionization study. A previous photoelectron result of 7.37±0.03 eV is probably an incorrect assignment. The G2 ionization potential for CH2OH is 7.45 eV, consistent with the experimental value of 7.55 eV. The calculated O–H and C–H bond dissociation energies of CH3OH are 105.0 and 96.2 kcal/mol, respectively. The results suggest that the D0(H–CH2OH) from kinetics measurements may be too low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460759
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITER physics program and implications for plasma measurements (abstract) : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 887-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Key objectives of the first ten years of ITER operation are the investigation of the physics of burning plasmas and the demonstration of long-pulse ignited plasma technologies. These include studies of plasma confinement and stability, divertor operation, disruption mitigation and control, noninductive current drive, and steady state operation under conditions when the plasma is heated predominantly by alpha particles. The ITER operational plan envisages two and a half years for commissioning and initial operation with hydrogen plasmas at up to 100 MW of auxiliary heating power when initial tests of divertor operation and evaluation of disruption effects will be made. In order to meet the operational and programmatic goals, it will be necessary to make a wide range of plasma measurements. In this article the preliminary operational plan and physics program are presented and the implications for plasma measurements are outlined. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147712
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of the magnetic diagnostic for ITER : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 452-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The detailed design of the magnetic diagnostic for ITER is presented. The system consists of groups of pickup coils and flux loops on the vessel wall, the back plate, and the divertor. These sensors provide the measurements for the equilibrium reconstruction and the fluctuation analysis. The system is supplemented by Rogowski coils for halo current measurements and by a diamagnetic loop. The complete system meets the measurement requirements, matching those of contemporary large divertor tokamaks. The maximum radiation exposure is such that the sensors will survive for the lifetime of the ITER. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149390
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITER physics program and implications for plasma measurements (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1250-1255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Key objectives of the first ten years of ITER operation are the investigation of the physics of burning plasmas and the demonstration of long-pulse ignited plasma technologies. These include studies of plasma confinement and stability, divertor operation, disruption mitigation and control, noninductive current drive, and steady state operation under conditions when the plasma is heated predominantly by alpha particles. The ITER operational plan envisages two and a half years for commissioning and initial operation with hydrogen plasmas at up to 100 MW of auxiliary heating power when initial tests of divertor operation and evaluation of disruption effects will be made. In order to meet the operational and programmatic goals, it will be necessary to make a wide range of plasma measurements. In this article the preliminary operational plan and physics program are presented and the implications for plasma measurements are outlined. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148221
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-pulse analog integration (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2679-2682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The presence of variable offsets at the input stage of analog integrators produces drifts in the output which limit the duration for which integration can be carried out at specified accuracy. In this article an integration system is demonstrated, accurate to within a few millivoltseconds over a time scale of several hours, with no special temperature control of the environment. The principle is to alternate between two individual integrators. While one integrates the signal, the other performs a drift measurement. This provides information sufficient to construct a continuous integral, and to perform time-dependent drift compensation. Estimates are given to show that the scheme could meet the magnetic diagnostic requirements of the next generation long-pulse devices for the magnetic confinement of thermonuclear plasmas. Modifications to the system tested are suggested, which could significantly further extend the period of accurate integration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143855
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the energy content of the JET tokamak plasma with a diamagnetic loop (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2087-2089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An accurate and reliable measurement of poloidal β is essential to assess the performances of Joint European Torus (JET). The diamagnetic loop can measure β values as low as 0.1 in JET discharges with a plasma current larger than 2×106 A. The instrumentation used includes a flux loop rigidly fitted on a toroidal field (TF) coil, a large Rogowski coil measuring the TF busbar current, and a displacement gauge measuring the TF coil expansion. The fluxes to be compensated originate, in order of importance, from the TF current, the eddy current in the vessel, the TF coil expansion, and the stray coupling with the poloidal fields. The TF and eddy currents must be particularly well compensated on JET since the plasma current starts before the toroidal field has reached its plateau value. Comparison between the diamagnetic and other evaluations of β shows a good agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138747
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  • 8
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    High-resolution X-ray CT for 3D petrography of ferruginous sandstone for an investigation of building stone decay (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-06
    Description: Diestian ferruginous sandstone has been used as the dominant building stone for monuments in the Hageland, a natural landscape in east-central Belgium. Like all rocks, this stone type is sensitive to weathering. Case hardening was observed in combination with blackening of the exterior parts of the dressed stones. To determine the 3D petrography and to identify the structural differences between the exterior and interior parts, X-ray computed tomography was used in combination with more traditional research techniques like optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The 3D characterization of the ferruginous sandstone was performed with a high-resolution X-ray CT scanner ( www.ugct.ugent.be ) in combination with the flexible 3D analysis software Morpho+, which provides the necessary petrophysical parameters of the scanned samples in 3D. Besides providing the required 3D parameters like porosity, pore-size distribution, grain size, grain orientation, and surface analysis, the results of the 3D analysis can also be visualized, which enables to understand and interpret the analysis results in a straightforward way. The complementarities between high-quality X-ray CT images and flexible 3D software and its relation with the more traditional microscopical research techniques are opening up new gateways in the study of weathering processes of natural building stones. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc
    Print ISSN: 1059-910X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0029
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    Late Holocene environmental changes reconstructed from stable isotope and geochemical records from a cushion‐plant peatland in the Chilean Central Andes (27°S) (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: ABSTRACT A Late Holocene paleoenvironmental record was obtained from the Lagunillas cushion peatland (LP, 27°12′S, 69°17′W), located in the dry Puna of the western Central Andes. Ten radiocarbon dates build the chronology for the last 1800 cal a BP. Analyses of stable isotopes on cellulose (δ18Ocell, δ13Ccell) and geochemical proxies on organic matter (δ13COM, δ15Nbulk, TOC, TN, LOI, T535) were conducted to identify major paleoenvironmental changes in this record. Simultaneously, ambient water (δ18O, δ2H) and plant samples of the dominant species Oxychloe andina (δ18Ocell, δ13Ccell) reveal insights into modern conditions. The record reveals distinct multi‐centennial oscillations of peat layer thickness and δ18Ocell. Decomposition, changes in the dominating plant species as well as in plant parts (leaves/roots) can be excluded as driving factors for these oscillations. Thus, δ18Ocell seems to be externally forced and reflects humidity changes. Around 470 cal a BP a distinct change towards increased humidity occurred, lasting during the Little Ice Age until about 70 cal a BP. Humid conditions prevailed between 1530 and 1270 cal a BP. Increasing δ18Ocell values since 30 cal a BP mark a trend towards again increased aridity.
    Print ISSN: 0267-8179
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1417
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Hydroxylamine as a Potential Indicator of Nitrification in the Open Ocean (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Hydroxylamine (NH2OH), a short‐lived intermediate in the nitrogen cycle, is a potential precursor of nitrous oxide (N2O) in the ocean. However, measurements of NH2OH in the ocean are sparse. Here we present a data set of depth profiles of NH2OH from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean and the eastern tropical South Pacific and compare it to N2O, nitrate, and nitrite profiles under varying oxygen conditions. The presence of NH2OH in surface waters points toward surface nitrification in the upper 100 m. Overall, we found a ratio of 1:3 between NH2OH and N2O in open ocean areas when oxygen concentrations were 〉50 μmol/L. In the equatorial Atlantic Ocean and the open ocean eastern tropical South Pacific, where nitrification is the dominant N2O production pathway, stepwise multiple regressions demonstrated that N2O, NH2OH, and nitrate concentrations were highly correlated, suggesting that NH2OH is a potential indicator for nitrification.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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