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  • genetics  (4)
  • Springer  (4)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 47 (1988), S. 239-248 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Mediterranean fruit fly ; Ceratitis capitata ; mating activity ; courtship ; genetics ; startle activity ; quality control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Aucune variation significative n'a été observée dans les activités sexuelles de huit souches de laboratoire de la mouche méditerranéenne du fruit, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera Tephritidae). Deux méthodes ont été utilisées pour sélectionner des souches manifestant une activité sexuelle basse ou élevée: une technique utilisant un seul couple (SP), basée sur la durée de la période avant copulation, et une technique de masse (M), basée sur un ‘index d'accouplement’. Des appariements réciproques entre les lignées rapides et lentes ont montré que la différence entre les lignées SP était déterminée par les femelles, tandis que la différence entre les lignées M résultait du comportement des deux sexes. La sélection M, quelle que soit sa direction, affects deux paramètres, la ‘distance entre partenaires lors de la vibration’ et la ‘durée de la vibration’ qui tous deux tendent à se raccourcir. La sélection M est aussi associée à une réduction de la réaction des femelles à un brusque stimulus lumineux (‘Startle activity’).
    Notes: Abstract No significant variation in mating activity was observed among eight laboratory strains of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Two methods were used to select strains showing high and low mating activity: a single pair technique (SP) assessing ‘time to mating’ and a mass technique (M) based on a ‘mating index’. Reciprocal pairings between fast and slow selected lines showed that the difference between the SP lines was female-determined whereas the difference between the M lines depended on the behaviour of both sexes. M selection, irrespective of its direction, affected two courtship parameters, ‘vibration distance’ and ‘vibration duration’ both of which tended to be shorter. M selection was also associated with a reduction in ‘startle activity’ in females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Anxiety ; depression ; alcohol consumption ; comorbidity ; genetics ; twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Two thousand five hundred seventy pairs of Norwegian MZ and like-sexed and unlike-sexed DZ twins aged 18–25 years completed questionnaires with information about symptoms of anxiety and depression and alcohol consumption. The aim of the study was to estimate sex-specific genetic and environmental effects unique to symptoms of anxiety/depression and to alcohol consumption and effects common to the two phenotypes. Five models fitted the data almost equally well. The heritability estimate from these models ranged from .23 to .57 for male alcohol consumption, from .39 to .59 for female alcohol consumption, from .25 to .48 for male anxiety/depression, and from .45 to .56 for female anxiety/depression. The phenotypic correlation between alcohol and anxiety/depression in males (r = .23) could be fully explained by common genetic effects. The correlation in females (r = .18) was caused by individual environmental factors together with either genetic effects or family environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Anxiety ; depression ; mental health ; genetics ; twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Two thousand five hundred seventy intact pairs and 724 single responders from Norwegian twins aged 18–25 years completed questionnaires with information about anxiety and depression and perceived cotwin closeness. The aim of the study was the univariate estimation of sex-specific genetic and environmental effects on an index tapping symptoms of anxiety and depression. An index of social closeness between cotwins was significantly related to the cotwin correlation for anxiety/depression scores. MZ pairs were reported to be closer than DZ pairs, and like-sexed DZ pairs were closer than unlikesexed pairs. The symptom data were adjusted for this apparent violation of the “equalenvironment” assumption in twin studies, but the adjustment did not dramatically affect the parameter estimates of genetic and environmental effects on anxiety/depression. A model specifying male (a M ) and female (a F ) genetic additive effects, shared environment for males (c M ), and individual environmental effects (e M ande F ) fitted the adjusted data very well. An alternative model, specifyinga M =a F ,c M =c F , ande M =e F , and no correlation between those environmental factors shared by brothers and those shared by sisters, fitted equally well. Estimated proportions of total variance from the first model werea M 2=.30,a F 2=.52, andc M 2=.21.The estimates from the second model werea M 2=a F 2=.43 andc M 2=c F 2=.11.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 28 (1998), S. 165-171 
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Testosterone ; genetics ; twins ; families ; sex differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The heritability of total plasma testosterone levels, determined from blood samples, was examined in 160 adolescent twin pairs and their parents. Subjects were tested as part of a larger study of cardiovascular risk factors, conducted in Amsterdam. Each subject provided a sample of blood which was assayed to measure testosterone concentrations. Correlations of testosterone in monozygotic twins were higher than in dizygotic twins. No resemblance was found between testosterone values in fathers and those in their children and a moderate correlation was seen between mothers and their daughters. The lack of resemblance between family members of opposite sex suggests that different genetic factors influence plasma testosterone concentrations in men and women. In adolescent men, approximately 60% of the variance in testosterone levels is heritable. The lack of father–son resemblance suggests that different genetic factors may be expressed in adolescence and adulthood. In women, 40% of the variance in testosterone levels is heritable, both in adolescence and in adulthood.
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