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  • WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING  (6)
  • OXFORD UNIV PRESS  (3)
  • Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung  (2)
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  • 1
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    Plankton Ecology and Biogeochemistry in the Changing Arctic Ocean (2013)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  In: The Expedition of the Research Vessel "Polarstern" to the Arctic in 2012 (ARK-XXVII/2). , ed. by Soltwedel, T. Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on Polar and Marine Research, 658 . Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany, pp. 28-32.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-03
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Molecular analyses of protists in long-term observation programmes—current status and future perspectives (2018)
    OXFORD UNIV PRESS
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Plankton Research, OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 40(5), pp. 519-536, ISSN: 0142-7873
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-09
    Description: Protists (microbial eukaryotes) are diverse, major components of marine ecosystems, and are fundamental to ecosystem services. In the last 10 years, molecular studies have highlighted substantial novel diversity in marine systems including sequences with no taxonomic context. At the same time, many known protists remain without a DNA identity. Since the majority of pelagic protists are too small to identify by light microscopy, most are neither comprehensively or regularly taken into account, particularly in Long-term Ecological Research Sites. This potentially undermines the quality of research and the accuracy of predictions about biological species shifts in a changing environment. The ICES Working Group for Phytoplankton and Microbial Ecology conducted a questionnaire survey in 2013–2014 on methods and identification of protists using molecular methods plus a literature review of protist molecular diversity studies. The results revealed an increased use of high-throughput sequencing methods and a recognition that sequence data enhance the overall datasets on protist species composition. However, we found only a few long-term molecular studies and noticed a lack of integration between microscopic and molecular methods. Here, we discuss and put forward recommendations to improve and make molecular methods more accessible to Long-term Ecological Research Site investigators.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 3
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    Metabarcoding analysis suggests that flexible food web interactions in the eukaryotic plankton community are more common than specific predator–prey relationships at Helgoland Roads, North Sea (2021)
    OXFORD UNIV PRESS
    In:  EPIC3ICES Journal of Marine Science, OXFORD UNIV PRESS, ISSN: 1054-3139
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Limited sinking of Phaeocystis during a 12 days sediment trap study (2016)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Molecular Ecology, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 25, pp. 3428-3435, ISSN: 0962-1083
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: There is a controversy discussion about the contribution of the genus Phaeocystis to the vertical carbon export with evidence for and against sedimentation of Phaeocystis. So far, the presence of Phaeocystis in sinking matter was investigated with methods depending on morphological features (microscopy) and fast degradable substances (biochemical analyses). In this study, we determine the occurrence and abundance of Phaeocystis antarctica in short-term sediment traps and the overlying water column during a 12-day time period in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean with 454-pyrosequencing and microscopy counting. In the sediment trap samples, we only found few sequences belonging to Phaeocystis, which was not reflecting the situation in the water column above. The cell counts showed the same results. We conclude that Phaeocystis cells are not generally transported downwards by active sinking or other sinking processes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    Summertime plankton ecology in Fram Strait - a compilation of long- and short-term observations (2015)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Polar Research, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 34, ISSN: 0800-0395
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-14
    Description: Between Greenland and Spitsbergen, Fram Strait is a region where cold ice-covered Polar Water exits the Arctic Ocean with the East Greenland Current (EGC) and warm Atlantic Water enters the Arctic Ocean with the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC). In this compilation, we present two different data sets from plankton ecological observations in Fram Strait: (1) long-term measurements of satellite-derived (1998–2012) and in situ chlorophyll a (chl a) measurements (mainly summer cruises, 1991–2012) plus protist compositions (a station in WSC, eight summer cruises, 1998–2011); and (2) short-term measurements of a multidisciplinary approach that includes traditional plankton investigations, remote sensing, zooplankton, microbiological and molecular studies, and biogeochemical analyses carried out during two expeditions in June/July in the years 2010 and 2011. Both summer satellite-derived and in situ chl a concentrations showed slight trends towards higher values in the WSC since 1998 and 1991, respectively. In contrast, no trends were visible in the EGC. The protist composition in the WSC showed differences for the summer months: a dominance of diatoms was replaced by a dominance of Phaeocystis pouchetii and other small pico- and nanoplankton species. The observed differences in eastern Fram Strait were partially due to a warm anomaly in the WSC. Although changes associated with warmer water temperatures were observed, further long-term investigations are needed to distinguish between natural variability and climate change in Fram Strait. Results of two summer studies in 2010 and 2011 revealed the variability in plankton ecology in Fram Strait.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
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    Protist distribution in the Western Fram Strait in summer 2010 based on 454-pyrosequencing of the 18S rDNA (2013)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Phycology, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 49(5), pp. 996-1010, ISSN: 0022-3646
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: In this study we present the first comprehensive analyses of the diversity and distribution of marine protist (micro- nano- and picoeukaryotes) in the Western Fram Strait, using 454-pyrosequencing and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) at five stations in summer 2010. Three stations (T1; T5; T7) were influenced by Polar Water, characterized by cold water with lower salinity (〈33) and different extents of ice-concentrations. Atlantic Water influenced the other two stations (T6; T9). While T6 was located in the mixed water zone characterized by cold water with intermediate salinity (~33) and high ice-concentrations, T9 was located in warm water with high salinity (~35) and no ice-coverage at all. General trends in community structure according to prevailing environmental settings, observed with both methods, coincided well. At two stations, T1 and T7, characterized by lower ice concentrations, diatoms (Fragilariopsis sp., Porosira sp., Thalassiosira spp.) dominated the protist community. The third station (T5) was ice-covered, but has been ice-free for ~4 weeks prior to sampling. At this station, dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae 1, Woloszynskia sp. and Gyrodinium sp.) were dominant, reflecting a post-bloom situation. At station T6 and T9, the protist communities consisted mainly of picoeukaryotes, e.g. Micromonas spp. Based on our results, 454-pyrosequencing has proven to be an adequate tool to provide comprehensive information on the composition of protist communities. Furthermore, this study suggests that a snap-shot of a few, but well-chosen samples can already provide an overview of community structure patterns and successions in a dynamic marine environment.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 7
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    Insight into protist diversity in Arctic sea ice and melt-pond aggregate obtained by pyrosequencing (2014)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Polar Research, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 33, ISSN: 0800-0395
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-05
    Description: Protists in the central Arctic Ocean are adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of its various habitats. During the Polarstern cruise ARK-XXVI/3 in 2011, at one sea ice station, large aggregates accumulated at the bottom of the melt ponds. In this study, the protist assemblages of the bottom layer of the sea ice and melt pond aggregate were investigated using flow cytometry and 454-pyrosequencing. The objective is to provide a first molecular overview of protist diversity in these habitats and to consider the overlaps and/or differences in the community compositions. Results of flow cytometry pointed to a cell size distribution that was dominated by 3-10 µm nanoflagellates. The phylogenetic classification of all sequences was conducted at a high taxonomic level, while a selection of abundant (≥1% of total reads) sequences was further classified at a lower level. On the high taxonomic level, both habitats showed very similar community structures, dominated by chrysophytes and chlorophytes. On the lower taxonomic level, dissimilarities in the diversity of both groups were encountered in the abundant biosphere. While sea ice chlorophytes and chrysophytes were dominated by Chlamydomonas/Chloromonas spp and Ochromonas spp, the melt pond aggregate was dominated by Carteria sp., Ochromonas spp. and Dinobryon faculiferum. We suppose that the relatively high similarity in diversity is a consequence of melt pond freshwater seeping through porous sea ice in late summer. Differences in the abundant biosphere nevertheless indicate that differences in both habitats are also strong enough to select for different dominant species.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    Picoeukaryote Plankton Composition off West Spitsbergen at the Entrance to the Arctic Ocean (2014)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, ISSN: 1066-5234
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Investigation of marine eukaryotic picoplankton composition is limited by missing morphological features for appropriate identification. Consequently, molecular methods are required. In this study, we used 454-pyrosequencing to study picoplankton communities at four stations in the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC; Fram Strait). High abundances of Micromonas pusilla were detected in the station situated closest to Spitsbergen, as seen in surveys of picoplankton assemblages in the Beaufort Sea. At the other three stations, other phylotypes, affiliating with Phaeocystis pouchetii and Syndiniales in the phylogenetic tree, were present in high numbers, dominating most of them. The picoplankton community structures at three of the stations, all with similar salinity and temperature, were alike. At the fourth station, the influence of the East Spitsbergen Current (ESC), transporting cold water from the Barents Sea around Spitsbergen, causes different abiotic parameters that result in a significantly different picoeukaryote community composition, which is dominated by Micromonas pusilla. This observation is particularly interesting in regard to ongoing environmental changes in the Arctic. Ongoing warming of the WSC could convey a new picoplankton assemblage into the Arctic Ocean, which may come to affect the dominance of Micromonas pusilla.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Assessment of North Sea phytoplankton via molecular sensing: a method evaluation (2014)
    OXFORD UNIV PRESS
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Plankton Research, OXFORD UNIV PRESS, ISSN: 0142-7873
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Description: Phytoplankton community analysis is important with respect to natural or humaninduced changes in the marine environment. Because of the efforts involved and the limitations of traditional methods, molecular sensing approaches are becoming more popular. Among others, microarray techniques targeting ribosomal 18S sequences have been successfully applied for phytoplankton investigation. In this contribution, we compared the results of two microarray methods targeting 18S rDNA and 18S rRNA with the results obtained from microscopy, HPLC and flow cytometry. On a qualitative basis, the microarrays showed similar or potentially better performance than the non-molecular methods. Quantitatively, our data suggest that microarray signals obtained from 18S rDNA provide relatively rough estimates of phytoplankton abundance. In contrast, when targeting 18S rRNA instead, a robust linear relationship (r2 ¼ 0.68) between molecular sensing signal and microscopic cell counts could be demonstrated using a probe specific to the genus Pseudo-nitzschia as an example. Thus, for both qualitative and quantitative purposes, microarray techniques can be valuable additions to traditional methods for phytoplankton analysis. Routine monitoring approaches in particular could benefit from advantages like reduced effort, higher taxonomic resolution and a potential for automation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Protists in the polar regions: comparing occurrence in the Arctic and Southern oceans using pyrosequencing (2015)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Polar Research, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 34, ISSN: 0800-0395
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-15
    Description: In the ongoing discussion of the distribution of protists, whether they are globally distributed or endemic to one or both of the polar regions is the subject of heated debate. In this study, we compared next-generation sequencing data from the Arctic and the Southern oceans to reveal the extent of similarities and dissimilarities between the protist communities in the polar regions. We found a total overlap of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between the two regions of 11.2%. On closer inspection of different taxonomic groups, the overlap ranged between 5.5% (haptophytes) and 14.5% (alveolates). Within the different groups, the proportion of OTUs occurring in both regions greatly differed between the polar regions. On the one hand, the overlap between these two regions is remarkable, given the geographical distance between them. On the other hand, one could expect a greater overlap of OTUs between these regions on account of the similar environmental conditions. The overlap suggests a connection between the polar regions for at least certain species or that the evolutionary divergence has been slow, relative to the timescales of isolation. The different proportions of common OTUs among the groups or regions may be a result of different life cycle strategies or environmental adaptations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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