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  • 1
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    Authigenic carbonate precipitates from the NE Black Sea: a mineralogical, geochemical, and lipid biomarker study (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-31
    Print ISSN: 1437-3254
    Electronic ISSN: 1437-3262
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
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    Spongiispira norvegica gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the boreal sponge Isops phlegraei (2008)
    Microbiology Society
    In:  International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 58 (8). pp. 1815-1820.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-27
    Description: The bacterial strain Gp_4_7.1T, isolated from the marine sponge Isops phlegraei collected at the Sula Ridge off the Norwegian coast, was characterized. The isolate was a motile spirillum that was monopolarly and monotrichously flagellated. It was aerobic, Gram-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative. Optimal growth occurred between 20 and 30 °C, at pH 7–8 and with a salt concentration of 2–3 % (w/v). The isolate showed a relatively restricted nutritional profile. Substrate utilization tests were only positive for arabinose. Enzyme tests were positive for esterase lipase C8, lipase C14, leucine arylamidase and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase. The strain was not able to reduce nitrate. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1 ω7 and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison classified the strain as a member of the order Oceanospirillales in the class Gammaproteobacteria. Strain Gp_4_7.1T formed a distinct phyletic line with less than 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest relatives with validly published names. Based on the determined data, it is proposed that the strain represents a novel species in a new genus, Spongiispira norvegica gen. nov., sp. nov.; the type strain of Spongiispira norvegica is Gp_4_7.1T (=DSM 17749T =NCIMB 14401T).
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  • 3
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    Spongiibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic marine bacterium isolated from the boreal sponge Haliclona sp. 1 (2008)
    Microbiology Society
    In:  International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 58 (3). pp. 585-590.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-27
    Description: Strain HAL40bT was isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona sp. 1 collected at the Sula Ridge off the Norwegian coast and characterized by physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic analyses. The isolate was a small rod with a polar flagellum. It was aerobic, Gram-negative and oxidase- and catalase-positive. Optimal growth was observed at 20–30 °C, pH 7–9 and in 3 % NaCl. Substrate utilization tests were positive for arabinose, Tween 40 and Tween 80. Enzyme tests were positive for alkaline phosphatase, esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. The predominant cellular fatty acid was C17 : 1 ω8, followed by C17 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω7. Analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS was used to characterize the strain, producing a characteristic low-molecular-mass protein pattern that could be used as a fingerprint for identification of members of this species. The DNA G+C content was 69.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis supported by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison classified the strain as a member of the class Gammaproteobacteria. Strain HAL40bT was only distantly related to other marine bacteria including Neptunomonas naphthovorans and Marinobacter daepoensis (type strain sequence similarity 〉90 %). Based on its phenotypic, physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that the strain should be placed into a new genus as a representative of a novel species, Spongiibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov.; the type strain of Spongiibacter marinus is HAL40bT (=DSM 17750T =CCUG 54896T).
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  • 4
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    Authigenic carbonate precipitates from the NE Black Sea: a mineralogical, geochemical, and lipid biomarker study (2009)
    Springer
    In:  International Journal of Earth Sciences, 98 (3). pp. 677-695.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-18
    Description: Carbonate precipitates recovered from 2,000 m water depth at the Dolgovskoy Mound (Shatsky Ridge, north eastern Black Sea) were studied using mineralogical, geochemical and lipid biomarker analyses. The carbonates differ in shape from simple pavements to cavernous structures with thick microbial mats attached to their lower side and within cavities. Low δ13C values measured on carbonates (−41 to −32‰ V-PDB) and extracted lipid biomarkers indicate that anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) played a crucial role in precipitating these carbonates. The internal structure of the carbonates is dominated by finely laminated coccolith ooze and homogeneous clay layers, both cemented by micritic high-magnesium calcite (HMC), and pure, botryoidal, yellowish low-magnesium calcite (LMC) grown in direct contact to microbial mats. δ18O measurements suggest that the authigenic HMC precipitated in equilibrium with the Black Sea bottom water while the yellowish LMC rims have been growing in slightly 18O-depleted interstitial water. Although precipitated under significantly different environmental conditions, especially with respect to methane availability, all analysed carbonate samples show lipid patterns that are typical for ANME-1 dominated AOM consortia, in the case of the HMC samples with significant contributions of allochthonous components of marine and terrestrial origin, reflecting the hemipelagic nature of the primary sediment.
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  • 5
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    In Situ Temperature Measurements at the Svalbard Continental Margin: Implications for Gas Hydrate Dynamics (2018)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-09
    Description: During expedition MARIA S. MERIAN MSM57/2 to the Svalbard margin offshore Prins Karls Forland, the seafloor drill rig MARUM-MeBo70 was used to assess the landward termination of the gas hydrate system in water depths between 340 and 446 m. The study region shows abundant seafloor gas vents, clustered at a water depth of ~400 m. The sedimentary environment within the upper 100 meters below seafloor (mbsf) is dominated by ice-berg scours and glacial unconformities. Sediments cored included glacial diamictons and sheet-sands interbedded with mud. Seismic data show a bottom simulating reflector terminating ~30 km seaward in ~760 m water depth before it reaches the theoretical limit of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) at the drilling transect. We present results of the first in situ temperature measurements conducted with MeBo70 down to 28 mbsf. The data yield temperature gradients between ~38°C km-1 at the deepest site (446 m) and ~41°C km-1 at a shallower drill site (390 m). These data constrain combined with in situ pore-fluid data, sediment porosities, and thermal conductivities the dynamic evolution of the GHSZ during the past 70 years for which bottom water temperature records exist. Gas hydrate is not stable in the sediments at sites shallower than 390 m water depth at the time of acquisition (August 2016). Only at the drill site in 446 m water depth, favorable gas hydrate stability conditions are met (maximum vertical extent of ~60 mbsf); however, coring did not encounter any gas hydrates.
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  • 6
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    Thermal characterization of pockmarks across Vestnesa and Svyatogor Ridges, offshore Svalbard (2020)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The Svalbard margin represents one of the northernmost gas hydrate provinces worldwide. Vestnesa Ridge (VR) and Svyatogor Ridge (SR) west of Svalbard are two prominent sediment drifts showing abundant pockmarks and sites of seismic chimney structures. Some of these sites at VR are associated with active gas venting and were the focus of drilling and coring with the seafloor‐deployed MARUM‐MeBo70 rig. Understanding the nature of fluid migration and gas hydrate distribution requires (amongst other parameters) knowledge of the thermal regime and in situ gas and pore‐fluid composition. In situ temperature data were obtained downhole at a reference site at VR defining a geothermal gradient of ~78 mK m‐1 (heat flow ~95 mW m‐2). Additional heat‐probe data were obtained to describe the thermal regime of the pockmarks. The highest heat flow values were systematically seen within pockmark depressions and were uncorrelated to gas venting occurrences. Heat flow within pockmarks is typically ~20 mW m‐2 higher than outside pockmarks. Using the downhole temperature data and gas compositions from drilling we model the regional base of the gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ). Thermal modeling including topographic effects suggest a BGHSZ up to 40 m deeper than estimated from seismic data. Uncertainties in sediment properties (velocity and thermal conductivity) are only partially explaining the mismatch. Capillary effects due to small sediment grain sizes may shift the free gas occurrence above the equilibrium BGHSZ. Changes in gas composition or pore fluid salinity at greater depth may also explain the discrepancy in observed and modeled BGHSZ.
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  • 7
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    High Carbon Mineralization Rates in Subseafloor Hadal Sediments — Result of Frequent Mass Wasting (2022)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: In the past 20 years, the exploration of deep ocean trenches has led to spectacular new insights. Even in the deepest canyons, an unusual variety of life and unexpectedly high benthic oxygen consumption rates have been detected while microbial processes below the surface of the hadal seafloor remains largely unknown. The information that exist comes from geophysical measurements, especially related to seismic research, and specific component analyses to estimate the carbon export. In contrast, no information is available on metabolic activities in deeper buried sediments of hadal environment. Here we present the first pore water profiles from 15 up to 11 m long sediment cores recovered during three expeditions to two hadal zones, the Japan Trench and the Atacama Trench. Despite low levels of organic debris, our data reveal that rates of microbial carbon turnover along the trench axes can be similar to those encountered in much shallower and more productive oceanic regions. The extreme sedimentation dynamics, characterized by frequent mass wasting of slope sediments into the trenches, result in effective burial of reactive, microbially available, organic material. Our results document the fueling of the deep hadal biosphere with bioavailable material and thus provide important understanding on the function of deep-sea trenches and the hadal carbon cycle. Key Points Hadal subseafloor pore water profiles from the Japan Trench and Atacama Trench document unexpectedly high microbial turnover rates Frequent alternations between hemipelagic sedimentation and mass wasting lead to high burial efficiency of reactive organic carbon Microbial activities in deep-sea trenches may be similar to those at the edge of high-production areas
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  • 8
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    Heat flux estimation from borehole temperatures acquired during logging while tripping: a case study with the sea floor drill rig MARUM-MeBo (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: During trip out of the drill string at the end of a drilling operation (logging while tripping) borehole temperatures can be measured without the need for additional operational time. A simple interpretation of the measured borehole temperatures is difficult due to the interfering influences of the drilling operations, mainly due to flushing the borehole during drilling. In this study, we present borehole temperature data from drilling campaigns with the sea floor drill rig MARUM-MeBo200 at the Danube Deep Sea Fan (Black Sea) and west of Taiwan (South China Sea). The temperature measurements were conducted with a PT1000 temperature sensor which is integrated in a memory acoustic borehole logging tool. We developed a modeling approach in order to simulate the drilling perturbations and subsequent evolution of the temperature field within the borehole. By fitting the model data to the measured time dependent temperature depth profiles, we estimated the undisturbed heat flux at the drill sites. This study shows that knowledge of the pattern of drilling operations with alternating phases of drilling/flushing and drill string handling is crucial for comparing temperatures measured during logging while tripping and simulated temperatures.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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