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  • Copernicus Publications (EGU)  (8)
  • AGU (American Geophysical Union)  (3)
  • Taylor & Francis  (3)
  • Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier  (2)
  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    The climate of past interglacials (2007)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: AWI A2-07-0016
    In: Developments in quaternary science
    Description / Table of Contents: Table of Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - Section 1: Forcing Mechanisms. - Section 2: Methods of palaeoclimate reconstruction and dating. - Section 3: Climate and vegetation in Europe during MIS 5. - Section 4: Climate, Vegetation and Mammalian faunas in Europe during Middle Pleistocene Interglacials (MIS 7, 9, 11). - Section 5: Modelling past interglacial climates. - Section 6: Synthesis. - Index
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 622 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. + 1 CD-ROM
    Edition: 1. ed.
    ISBN: 0444529551 , 978-0-444-52955-8
    Series Statement: Developments in quaternary science 7
    Classification:
    Meteorology and Climatology
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    The climate of past interglacials (2008)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 9/M 08.0390
    In: Developments in quaternary science
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Helps you learn about the climate-environment system, its sensitivity, thresholds and feedback. This book presents the science on reconstructions from the Earth System, on methodological advances and on the ability of numerical models to simulate low and high frequency changes of climate, environment, and chemical cycling related to interglacials. Contents: Chapter 1. Forcing mechanisms (ed. M. Claussen) Chapter 2. Methods of palaeoclimate reconstruction and dating (ed. Frank Sirocko) Chapter 3 Climate and vegetation in Europe during MIS5 (M.F. S nchez Goni) Chapter 4. Climate and vegetation history of MIS 5-15 in Europe (Ed. Thomas Litt). Chapter 5. Modelling past interglacial climates (ed. Martin Claussen) Chapter 6. Analysis (F. Sirocko, M,.Claussen, et al.)
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 622 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. + 1 CD-ROM
    Edition: Reprint.
    ISBN: 0444529551 , 978-0-444-52955-8
    Series Statement: Developments in quaternary science 7
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
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    Contribution of anthropogenic land cover change emissions to pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 (2010)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0280-6509
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-0889
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of Department of Meteorology (MISU), Stockholm University.
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  • 4
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    Contribution of anthropogenic land cover change emissions to pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 (2010)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0280-6509
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-0889
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of Department of Meteorology (MISU), Stockholm University.
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  • 5
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    Impact of surface parameter uncertainties on the development of a trough in the Fram Strait region (2010)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0280-6495
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-0870
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of Department of Meteorology (MISU), Stockholm University.
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  • 6
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    Comprehensive Earth System Models of the Last Glacial Cycle (2016)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Eos: Earth & Space Science News, 97 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-04
    Description: Much of modern climate science fails to consider millennium-scale processes, many of which may prove to be important for predicting the climate trajectory in the shorter term.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Biome changes in Asia since the mid-Holocene – an analysis of different transient Earth system model simulations (2017)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Climate of the Past, 13 (2). pp. 107-134.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The large variety of atmospheric circulation systems affecting the eastern Asian climate is reflected by the complex Asian vegetation distribution. Particularly in the transition zones of these circulation systems, vegetation is supposed to be very sensitive to climate change. Since proxy records are scarce, hitherto a mechanistic understanding of the past spatio-temporal climate–vegetation relationship is lacking. To assess the Holocene vegetation change and to obtain an ensemble of potential mid-Holocene biome distributions for eastern Asia, we forced the diagnostic biome model BIOME4 with climate anomalies of different transient Holocene climate simulations performed in coupled atmosphere–ocean(–vegetation) models. The simulated biome changes are compared with pollen-based biome records for different key regions. In all simulations, substantial biome shifts during the last 6000 years are confined to the high northern latitudes and the monsoon–westerly wind transition zone, but the temporal evolution and amplitude of change strongly depend on the climate forcing. Large parts of the southern tundra are replaced by taiga during the mid-Holocene due to a warmer growing season and the boreal treeline in northern Asia is shifted northward by approx. 4° in the ensemble mean, ranging from 1.5 to 6° in the individual simulations, respectively. This simulated treeline shift is in agreement with pollen-based reconstructions from northern Siberia. The desert fraction in the transition zone is reduced by 21 % during the mid-Holocene compared to pre-industrial due to enhanced precipitation. The desert–steppe margin is shifted westward by 5° (1–9° in the individual simulations). The forest biomes are expanded north-westward by 2°, ranging from 0 to 4° in the single simulations. These results corroborate pollen-based reconstructions indicating an extended forest area in north-central China during the mid-Holocene. According to the model, the forest-to-non-forest and steppe-to-desert changes in the climate transition zones are spatially not uniform and not linear since the mid-Holocene.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Carbon cycle, vegetation, and climate dynamics in the Holocene: Experiments with the CLIMBER-2 model (2002)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 16 (4). pp. 86-1.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-06
    Description: Multiple proxy data reveal that the early to middle Holocene (ca. 8–6 kyr B.P.) was warmer than the preindustrial period in most regions of the Northern Hemisphere. This warming is presumably explained by the higher summer insolation in the Northern Hemisphere, owing to changes in the orbital parameters. Subsequent cooling in the late Holocene was accompanied by significant changes in vegetation cover and an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. The essential question is whether it is possible to explain these changes in a consistent way, accounting for the orbital parameters as the main external forcing for the climate system. We investigate this problem using the computationally efficient model of climate system, CLIMBER‐2, which includes models for oceanic and terrestrial biogeochemistry. We found that changes in climate and vegetation cover in the northern subtropical and circumpolar regions can be attributed to the changes in the orbital forcing. Explanation of the atmospheric CO2 record requires an additional assumption of excessive CaCO3 sedimentation in the ocean. The modeled decrease in the carbonate ion concentration in the deep ocean is similar to that inferred from CaCO3 sediment data [Broecker et al., 1999]. For 8 kyr B.P., the model estimates the terrestrial carbon pool ca. 90 Pg higher than its preindustrial value. Simulated atmospheric δ13C declines during the course of the Holocene, similar to δ13C data from the Taylor Dome ice core [Indermühle et al., 1999]. Amplitude of simulated changes in δ13C is smaller than in the data, while a difference between the model and the data is comparable with the range of data uncertainty.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Harmonising plant functional type distributions for evaluating Earth system models (2019)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Climate of the Past, 15 (1). pp. 335-366.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Dynamic vegetation models simulate global vegetation in terms of fractional coverage of a few plant functional types (PFTs). Although these models often share the same concept, they differ with respect to the number and kind of PFTs, complicating the comparability of simulated vegetation distributions. Pollen-based vegetation reconstructions are initially only available in the form of time series of individual taxa that are not distinguished in the models. Thus, to evaluate simulated vegetation distributions, the modelling results and pollen-based vegetation reconstructions have to be converted into a comparable format. The classical approach is the method of biomisation, but hitherto PFT-based biomisation methods were only available for individual models. We introduce and evaluate a simple, universally applicable technique to harmonise PFT distributions by assigning them into nine mega-biomes, using only assumptions on the minimum PFT cover fractions and few bioclimatic constraints (based on the 2 m temperature). These constraints mainly follow the limitation rules used in the classical biome models (here BIOME4). We test the method for six state-of-the-art dynamic vegetation models that are included in Earth system models based on pre-industrial, mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum simulations. The method works well, independent of the spatial resolution or the complexity of the models. Large biome belts (such as tropical forest) are generally better represented than regionally confined biomes (warm–temperate forest, savanna). The comparison with biome distributions inferred via the classical biomisation approach of forcing biome models (here BIOME1) with the simulated climate states shows that the PFT-based biomisation is even able to keep up with the classical method. However, as the new method considers the PFT distributions actually calculated by the Earth system models, it allows for a direct comparison and evaluation of simulated vegetation distributions which the classical method cannot do. Thereby, the new method provides a powerful tool for the evaluation of Earth system models in general.
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  • 10
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    What was the source of the atmospheric CO2 increase during the Holocene? (2019)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Biogeosciences (BG), 16 (13). pp. 2543-2555.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The atmospheric CO2 concentration increased by about 20ppm from 6000BCE to the pre-industrial period (1850CE). Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain mechanisms of this CO2 growth based on either ocean or land carbon sources. Here, we apply the Earth system model MPI-ESM-LR for two transient simulations of climate and carbon cycle dynamics during this period. In the first simulation, atmospheric CO2 is prescribed following ice-core CO2 data. In response to the growing atmospheric CO2 concentration, land carbon storage increases until 2000BCE, stagnates afterwards, and decreases from 1CE, while the ocean continuously takes CO2 out of the atmosphere after 4000BCE. This leads to a missing source of 166Pg of carbon in the ocean-land-atmosphere system by the end of the simulation. In the second experiment, we applied a CO2 nudging technique using surface alkalinity forcing to follow the reconstructed CO2 concentration while keeping the carbon cycle interactive. In that case the ocean is a source of CO2 from 6000 to 2000BCE due to a decrease in the surface ocean alkalinity. In the prescribed CO2 simulation, surface alkalinity declines as well. However, it is not sufficient to turn the ocean into a CO2 source. The carbonate ion concentration in the deep Atlantic decreases in both the prescribed and the interactive CO2 simulations, while the magnitude of the decrease in the prescribed CO2 experiment is underestimated in comparison with available proxies. As the land serves as a carbon sink until 2000BCE due to natural carbon cycle processes in both experiments, the missing source of carbon for land and atmosphere can only be attributed to the ocean. Within our model framework, an additional mechanism, such as surface alkalinity decrease, for example due to unaccounted for carbonate accumulation processes on shelves, is required for consistency with ice-core CO2 data. Consequently, our simulations support the hypothesis that the ocean was a source of CO2 until the late Holocene when anthropogenic CO2 sources started to affect atmospheric CO2.
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