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  • Elsevier Science Limited  (4)
  • AGU  (1)
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  • 1
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    A model for wet aggregation of ash particles in volcanic plumes and clouds: 2. Model application (2011)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The occurrence of particle aggregation has a dramatic effect on the transport and sedimentation of volcanic ash. The aggregation process is complex and can occur under different conditions and in multiple regions of the plume and in the ash cloud. In the companion paper, Costa et al. develop an aggregation model based on a fractal relationship to describe the rate particles are incorporated into ash aggregates. The model includes the effects of both magmatic and atmospheric water present in the volcanic cloud and demonstrates that the rate of aggregation depends on the characteristics of the initial particle size distribution. The aggregation model includes two parameters, the fractal exponent Df, which describes the efficiency of the aggregation process, and the aggregate settling velocity correction factor ye, which influences the distance at which distal mass deposition maxima form. Both parameters are adjusted using features of the observed deposits. Here this aggregation model is implemented in the FALL3D volcanic ash transport model and applied to the 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens and the 17–18 September 1992 Crater Peak eruptions. For both eruptions, the optimized values for Df (2.96–3.00) and ye (0.27–0.33) indicate that the ash aggregates had a bulk density of 700–800 kg m−3. The model provides a higher degree of agreement than previous fully empirical aggregation models and successfully reproduces the depositional characteristics of the deposits investigated over a large range of scales, including the position and thickness of the secondary maxima.
    Description: Published
    Description: B09202
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: volcanic ash ; particle aggregation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.04. Processes and Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Lava flow in a channel with a bifurcation (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Etna poses risks to inhabited areas with its frequent effusive eruptions. During the 1989 and 1991 eruptions the Italian Department of Civil Protection diverted the lava from its natural path into an artificial channel, reducing the risk of lava inundation. The intervention resulted in the creation of a bifurcation between the natural and the artificial channels. In this paper magma dynamics in the bifurcation is investigated by solving the equations of mass and momentum balance with a simplified two-dimensional geometry, describing magma as an homogeneous, isothermal incompressible fluid with Newtonian rheology. Results show the important role played by the slope of the artificial channel and the effect of the width of the artificial mouth on the efficiency of the diversion.
    Description: Published
    Description: 953-956
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: lava flow ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Numerical simulation of tephra transport and deposition of the 1982 El Chichón eruption and implications for hazard assessment (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: El Chichón volcano, Chiapas, Mexico, erupted explosively on March 29th, 1982, after a repose period of about 550 years. Amongst ten eruptive episodes documented between March 29th and April 4th, only the three that occurred on March 29th and April 4th produced significant pyroclastic tephra deposits. Here we use analytical (HAZMAP) and numerical (FALL3D) tephra transport models to reconstruct the deposits and the atmospheric plume dispersal associated with the three main fallout units of the 1982 eruption. On the basis of such a reconstruction, we produce hazard maps of tephra fallout associated to a Plinian eruption and discuss the implications of such a severe eruption scenario.
    Description: Published
    Description: 39–49
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Fallout deposit ; 1982 El Chichón eruption ; HAZMAP ; FALL3D ; Hazard assessment ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Carbon dioxide in the urban area of Naples: Contribution and effects of the volcanic source (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Naples is a large city located between two active volcanic areas: Campi Flegrei to theWand Vesuvius to the SE. The Solfatara crater, inside the caldera of the Campi Flegrei and nearest to the western quarters of the city, is a prodigious source of natural CO2 with a mean emission rate of 1067 ton/d, i.e. seven times higher than that of Vesuvius(151 ton/d). This study shows that the area around the Solfatara and part of the urban area of Naples are affected by the volcanic plume when atmospheric circulatory patterns are dominated by the locally frequent sea breezes. Under these conditions the CO2 content in the air increases above normal values, reaching more than 1000 ppm in proximity to the Solfatara crater to a few tens of ppm several kilometres from the source. Although these values do not indicate a health risk even under the most unfavourable atmospheric conditions, the volcanic source contributes to the total CO2 burden from all urban emissions and hence to overall air quality. An emission rate ten times higher than the present one would lead to an air CO2 concentration in excess of recommended health protection thresholds.
    Description: Published
    Description: 52-61
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: CO2 dispersion; Solfatara; Gas hazard; Campi Flegrei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    The MU-RAY detector for muon radiography of volcanoes (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-25
    Description: The MU-RAY detector has been designed to perform muon radiography of volcanoes. The possible use on the field introduces several constraints. First the electric power consumption must be reduced to the minimum, so that the detector can be solar-powered. Moreover it must be robust and transportable, for what concerns the front-end electronics and data acquisition. A 1m2 prototype has been constructed and is taking data at Mt.Vesuvius. The detector consists of modules of 32 scintillator bars with wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultiplier read-out. A dedicated front-end electronics has been developed, based on the SPIROC ASIC. An introduction to muon radiography principles, the MU-RAY detector description and results obtained in laboratory will be presented.
    Description: We acknowledge the support provided by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN). We wish to thank A.Brosfor the scintillator bars provided by FERMILAB-NICADD. We are grateful to Aldo Orlandi of the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati of INFN for polishing and mirroring the fibers.
    Description: Published
    Description: 423-426
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Muon radiography ; Muon detector ; SiPM ; Volcanoes ; Muography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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