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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (7)
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
  • 1925-1929  (7)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prenatal skull of the Canadian porcupine (Erethizon dorsatus) (1927)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 127-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study represents the first critical investigation on the development of the embryonic skull of the porcupine. A complete series of stages makes it possible to trace the developing chondrocranium from its first formation in precartilage to its later transformation into cartilage bone. Concurrent with this growth is the investment of the cartilaginous cranium by membrane bone.The very primitive nature of the chondrocranium offers an excellent opportunity to discuss the existing problems of the embryonic skull from a new angle. Evidence is presented in support of the assumption that the ala temporalis is the homologue of the cynodont epipterygoid. The lamina parietalis develops from a single chondrifying center, thus producing a different arrangement of parietal elements from that found in most mammals. New evidence as to the relationship of the dens epistrophei and basal plate is presented. The position of the internal carotid artery on entering the cranium is different from the condition found in most mammals and throws new light on the interpretation of surrounding structures. The presence of a structure comparable with the crista longitudinalis of Lacerta shows close affinity to the solum nasi of more primitive forms.The great specialization of the face is seen in the early and rapid growth of the membrane bones. The chondrocranium is long persistent and cartilage bone appears late in embryonic life.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050440202
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The embryological basis of size inheritance in the rabbit (1929)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 81-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A comparative study of the embryology of the rabbit in races of large and small adult size shows a consistently more rapid rate of cell multiplication and of increase in mass in large-race embryos than in those of small race.This more rapid rate of growth is transm tted by and influenced equally by sperm and egg cell, as is shown by the results of reciprocal crosses.Rate of differentiation is independent of rate of growth and unaffected by it. Consequently, embryos of the large race have attained greater size than those of the small race at corresponding stage of differentiation.The fundamental difference in rate of growth is already in evidence in forty-eight-hour embryos and becomes increasingly clear at later stages. Embryos produced by the large race have undergone about one more cell division at forty-eight hours after mating and so are approximately in the thirty-two-cell stage when embryos of the small race are in the sixteen-cell stage.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050480104
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphology and physiology of the invertebrate liver and hepatopancreasFrom the Division of Experimental Surgery and Pathology. (1928)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 45 (1928), S. 537-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Modifications of the gastro-intestinal tract of Nereis virens are two dorsolateral esophageal cecums, directed anteriorly and posteriorly from the point of attachment. The cecal and esophageal lumina are continuous. Each cecum is composed of acini, possessing a row of elongated cells, basement membrane, and intima. Fibro-elastic tissue is present. The elongated cells contain glycogen and fat.The hepatopancreas of Asterias vulgaris consists of two lobes in each ray, and the numerous acini empty into the bifurcated hepatopancreatic duct which leads into the pyloric stomach. The hepatic cells are columnar and contain glycogen and fat. Pancreatic cells lie in the midregion of the acini.The lobulate liver of Loligo pealii lies on the ventral surface of the duodenum. A capsular membrane envelops the organ. The acini possess basement membrane, columnar cells, and intima; their lumina anastomose, forming a common duct, which leads into the blind sac. The hepatic cells contain fat.The hepatopancreas of Melanoplus femur-rubrum consists of six cecums histologically continuous with the digestive epithelium of the pyloric stomach. Each cecum consists of simple and compound acini which empty into a duct leading to the pyloric stomach. Each acinus possesses basement membrane, columnar hepatic cells, pancreatic cells, and intima. The pancreatic cells occur in islets, usually adjacent to the basement membrane. The hepatic cells contain glycogen and fat.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050450206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A neuromotor apparatus in the ciliate Dileptus gigasThis paper consists of a revised section of a dissertation submitted to the Board of University Studies of the Johns Hopkins University, in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1927)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 373-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A system of fibers has been found in Dileptus gigas which is probably a neuromotor apparatus. A distinct elongated basal rod, found near the base of the gullet, gives rise to three sets of fibers: (1) a set of heavy fibers radiates out around the funnel-shaped gullet; (2) a pair of heavy fibers pass directly from the basal rod to the band of trichocysts, one on each side, extending to the tip of the proboscis; (3) a set of very delicate branching fibers is distributed over the surface of the organism.This system of fibers is held to be a neuromotor apparatus, because, (1) the general structure and appearance of the fibers suggest a neuromotor function and, (2) there is little or no evidence indicating any other function; and because, (3) the fibers in this system are connected to the most highly specialized structures in Dileptus, and, finally, because, (4) they are similar to structures found in other forms for which a neuromotor function has been experimentally demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050440302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphology and physiology of the hepatopancreas of Cambarus virilisFrom the Division of Experimental Surgery and Pathology. (1928)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 45 (1928), S. 505-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relation of the hepatopancreas to the pyloric stomach and its physiologic histology were studied. The organ consists of two lobes, united ventrally, which lie along the cardiac and pyloric stomachs and the intestine. Primary and secondary lobulations (acini) are present, and the entire organ is a system of anastomosing tubules (lumina). The tubules progressively converge and form a duct in each lobe which leads ventrolaterally into the pyloric stomach.Each acinus consists of a single layer of hepatic and pancreatic cells supported by a basement membrane, and the interacinar spaces are the seat of fibro-elastic tissue and phagocytic cells. The supporting tissue is laminar with that of the stomach. The arterial capillaries, composed of endothelial cells, lie in the interacinar spaces. The blood supply is by way of the basement membrane to the cells.The hepatic cells of specimens collected in September bear little fat; cells of June specimens are laden with fat. Glycogen is deposited in the hepatic cells; there is no difference between the quantity found in September and in June. The hepatic cells probably contain biliverdin. Chemical analysis indicates the presence of trypsin, amylase, and lipase.A review of the literature and a discussion of homologies with reference to the vertebrate liver are given.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050450205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histological description of pigment distribution in the eyes of guinea-pigs of various genetic types (1929)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 47 (1929), S. 227-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A histological study was made in the guinea-pig of the distribution of melanin pigment in the normal dark-eye and in various mutant types, such as the brown type of dark-eye (b), light and dark salmon-eye (sm), dark red-eye (crB), brown red-eye (crb), albino (ca), pink-eye (p), and pseudopink-eye (P sm b). The genes which affect pigmentation in the eye have definite qualitative or quantitative effects on the production of melanin. Eyes of the genetic constitution ca, p, or sm possess very little pigment. But eyes which have the dominant allelomorphs of these genes, C, P, or Sm, have a large amount of pigment. The non-yellow gene, cr, and the brown gene, b, cause the deeper retinal layer, which is normally intensely pigmented throughout its entirety, to become less pigmented. There is a corresponding reduction in the melanin in the pigmented areas of the iris and choroid. In all types of eyes with reduced pigment, such as the albino, pink-eye, and pseudopink-eye, pigment persists in the deeper retinal layer even when it is almost absent from other regions. Moreover, in all eyes which have less pigment than the normal type there is a decided tendency for chromatophores to be located adjacent to blood vessels. This tendency is outstanding in the iris and quite noticeable in the choroid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050470107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of certain cytoplasmic inclusions to vital dyes and their relation to mitochondria and Golgi apparatus in the flagellate Peranema trichophorum (1929)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 48 (1929), S. 105-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two types of cytoplasmic inclusions, differing in reactions to vital dyes and to osmic fixation and impregnation have been demonstrated in Peranema trichophorum. The mitochondria are rod-like and lie in more or less spiral rows, forming a single layer beneath the periplast. They are stained supravitally with Janus green, but not with neutral red. They may be demonstrated by staining in iron hematoxylin after Mann-Kopsch fixation. They are also blackened in prolonged osmic impregnation, but are bleached readily with hydrogen peroxide.The small spherical osmiophilic inclusions are scattered in distribution, although sometimes more numerous in the anterior third of the organism. These bodies are stainable supravitally with neutral red, neutral violet, and brilliant cresyl blue. They are densely blackened in osmic impregnation, and are not bleached in the usual treatment with hydrogen peroxide. They are not however, demonstrated by Mann-Kopsch fixation and iron hematoxylin. After being stained supravitally with neutral red, these inclusions may be blackened under direct observation by exposure to osmic vapor in hanging-drop preparations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050480105
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