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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • Animals
  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
  • 1950-1954  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymers of 2-vinylpyridine, methyl acrylate, and dichlorostyrene: Polymerization and properties in solution (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 127-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Copolymerization studies have been made on the three two-component systems formed by the monomers methyl acrylate, 2-vinylpyridine, and dichlorostyrene, and values of the monomer reactivity ratios were determined. Terpolymers were prepared from mixtures of these same monomers, and their compositions were compared with those predicted from the kinetic data for the copolymerizations. Measurements of dissymmetry of scattered light, molecular weight, and viscosity were made on solutions in acetic acid and in methyl ethyl ketone of a terpolymer containing 37 mole per cent methyl acrylate, 47 mole per cent 2-vinylpyridine, and 16 mole per cent dichlorostyrene. The molecular weight of the terpolymer is essentially the same in the two solvents but the polymer chain is more extended in acetic acid than in methyl ethyl ketone. In nitromethane solutions of the terpolymer the ηsp/c values increase sharply with decreasing concentration. This increase is eliminated if the solutions also contain 0.01 mole per liter of a substituted quaternary ammonium iodide. These facts indicate that the polymer behaves as a polyelectrolyte in nitromethane, presumably because of reaction between the aci-form of the solvent and the vinylpyridine groups.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110203
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water induced acceleration of the diffusion of organic vapors in polymersPresented in part at the 123rd meeting of the American Chemical Society, Los Angeles, California, March, 1953. Work supported by a grant from Office of Ordnance Research, U.S. Army. (1954)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 14 (1954), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of water vapor on the rate of diffusion of organic molecules has been studied at 40°C. by the sorption method for the systems water-acetone-polyvinyl acetate, water-carbon tetrachloride-polyvinyl acetate, water-acetone-cellulose acetate (37.9% acetyl) and water-benzene-polystyrene. For the first three systems the rate of diffusion of the organic vapor is markedly faster for the mixture of water and organic vapor than for the pure organic vapor. With polyvinyl acetate, the rate of diffusion of 80 mm. of acetone is increased about 25-fold if 36 mm. of water vapor is mixed with the acetone. Diffusion of the larger carbon tetrachloride molecule is accelerated by water even more than is acetone. Water vapor at a pressure of 36 mm. causes about a 30-fold increase in the rate of diffusion of 80 mm. of acetone into cellulose acetate even though the diffusion of acetone itself into cellulose acetate is anomalous. With polystyrene the presence of water vapor causes no acceleration of the diffusion of benzene which is the expected result since, in contrast to the other two polymers, polystyrene sorbs only very small amounts of water. It is concluded that the marked effect of water vapor on the diffusion of organic vapors into polyvinyl acetate and cellulose acetate involves (a) a rapid diffusion of water into the polymer and (b) more rapid diffusion of the organic vapor into the “water plasticized” polymer than into the dry polymer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1954.120147601
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of sorption of organic vapors by films of cellulose acetatePresented before the High Polymer Forum at the 116th meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 20, 1949. (1951)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 457-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A detailed study has been made of the rate of take-up of vapors of methylene chloride and acetone by thin films of cellulose acetate (37.9% acetyl) as a function of vapor pressure, film thickness, and temperature. It was found that the method of film preparation and conditioning greatly influenced the kinetics of the take-up. Films, which were not completely dry, exhibit a much faster rate of take-up than dry films. Dry films could he obtained by either long treatment in a vacuum oven, or by water leaching followed by vacuum drying for five days. In either case, identical kinetic results are obtained. The mercury cast films used in this work give reproducible results and show a much slower rate of take-up than a comparable glass cast film.It was found that there was no fundamental difference in the rate of take-up for the vapors of methylene chloride and acetone, although in the liquid state the former is a limited swelling agent, while the latter is a solvent. For both these yapors there is a characteristic pressure above which several anomalies appear, which make a complete quantitative explanation of the data rather difficult. The most important of these anomalies is that, if one plots the amount of vapor taken up as a function of time, an inversion of slope is observed. This inversian is very marked and is a function of film thickness. Another anomaly that appears is that the absolute amount of vapor sorbed for thinner films is greater than that for thicker films for an appreciable time interval. The effect of temperature is complex. Above the pressures where the inversion of a slope occurs, the rate is lower a t higher temperatures for a considerable range of the sorption. These effects cannot be explained on the basis of a generalized diffusion equation with the boundary conditions which have been considered so far, i.e., assuming that the outer film surface is always in equilibrium with the vapor.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1951.120060406
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of acetone into cellulose nitrate films and study of the accompanying orientationPresented before the Division of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, meeting of American Chemical Society, Cleveland, Ohio, April, 1951. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 241-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Studies have been made of sorption and desorption of acetone by films of cellulose nitrate (11 and 12% N) at 30°C. by following the weight of vapor takeup or loss as a function of time. The takeup-time curves show marked inflections and plots of takeup versus \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\sqrt t$\end{document} are initially nonlinear for both sorption and desorption, indicating that Fick's law with the usual boundary conditions is not obeyed. The rate of vapor takeup is also considerably more rapid and different in character for films cast on glass than for films cast on mercury. A striking result is that for successive sorption-desorption cycles the rate of sorption decreases markedly, e.g., by a factor of 16 for five cycles. Studies of the optical anisotropy of the films show that the orientation of the polymer molecules normal to the plane of the film is increased by the diffusion process and it is concluded that this accounts for the decreased rate for successive sorption-desorption cycles and provides an explanation for the diffusion anomalies. A possible cause of this orientation is the observed anisotropic swelling combined with slow movement of the polymer segments.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100212
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