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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (1)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
  • 1955-1959  (16)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydroperoxides in oxidized polythene (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 15 (1955), S. 592-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1955.120158026
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Styrene popcorn polymersThis research was carried out as part of contract no. AF 33(616)-290 with the Wright Air Development Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Presented before the New York City meeting of the American Chemical Society, Sept., 1954. (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 18 (1955), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study of the growth of butadiene popcorn polymer seeds in the presence of styrene monomer vapor at 60° has shown the growth to be logarithmic with time. The growth appears to be independent of the peroxide content of the seeds and can be retarded by the presence of various sulfur containing compound. Oxidation of the butadiene seeds grown in styrene by air exposure destroys their activity for continued growth.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1955.120188910
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of average molecular weight of cellulose acetate by dielectric dispersion in solutionThis research was carried out under contracts with the Office of Ordnance Research, U.S.A., No. 36-034-ORD-1240 and No. 36-034-ORD-1943. (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 24 (1957), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The capacity of cells containing solutions of 5% cellulose acetate in dioxane was measured from 50 cycles to as high as 5 megacycles by a bridge method. A dispersion region was found between zero and approximately 40 kc. The frequency where the dielectric dispersion was 0.50 was taken as the critical frequency which was found to be related to the viscosity determined degree of polymerization. An empirical correlation enabled the calculation of degrees of polymerization from dielectric dispersion which could be readily duplicated and which agreed reasonably well with those found by the viscosity method. It is suggested that this procedure may develop into a very convenient and rapid method for molecular weights pending the accumulation of further experimental evidence.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1957.1202410503
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A diffusivity approach for studying polymer structure (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 28 (1958), S. 129-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Study of the diffusion in polymers of molecules comparable in size and structure to the segments of the chain molecules is suggested as a means of securing information on structure and molecular friction forces in polymers. A convenient method for measuring the diffusivity in polymers of such compounds tagged with C-14 was devised and used to study the diffusivity of octadecane, octadecanol, stearic acid, and octadecyl stearate for a range of temperatures in polymers including natural rubber, GR-S, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, and polyisobutylene. Diffusivities were independent of concentration for the range used. The diffusivities of straight chain hydrocarbons in natural rubber appear to vary inversely as the molecular weight of the diffusing compound. Evidence was found for association effects in the diffusion of stearic acid in natural rubber. Activation energies for diffusion of the compounds were quite similar in any one polymer and of the same order as reported for low molecular weight hydrocarbons and for viscous flow. Larger differences in activation energies were observed for diffusion in the different polymers. Correlations were observed for the diffusivities of octadecane in a series of polymers with their densities and thermal expansivities, especially the latter. Some study was given to the effect on the diffusivity of octadecane of such parameters as polymer unsaturation, solution viscosity, molecular weight, and crosslink density. The diffusivity of octadecane in natural rubber had a pronounced maximum as a function of crosslink density, coinciding with the maximum in tensile strength. Possible implications of this are discussed. The diffusivities of octadecane in a series of elastomers were studied in relation to the internal frictional losses observed for 60 cps vibrations over a range of temperatures. It was concluded that frictional forces deduced from the diffusivity measurements have some correspondence to high frequency viscoelastic phenomena which involve small units of structure comparable in size to the segments of the polymer molecules.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1958.1202811612
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization kinetics and mechanical properties of polyethylenePresented in part at the American Chemical Society Meeting, San Francisco, April 16, 1958. (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 36 (1959), S. 215-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of crystallization of a branched polyethylene have been studied dilatometrically, spectroscopically, and microscopically at small degrees of supercooling (ca. 0-10°C.). In order to assess the extent to which results of different methods are in agreement with each other, apparent induction times and maximuin crystallization rates are compared. On the basis of these data, the results of different experimental techniques using different types of sample are in general agreement. However, there do exist small, but significant, differences which appear to be outside experimental error. The results are shown to be in essential agreement with present theories of nucleation and of crystallization. The observations are interpreted in terms of the processes occurring during crystallization. The relationship of dynamic mechanical properties to previous thermal histories is considered and a qualitative interpretation is presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203613018
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A radiotracer study of branch formation in polyacrylamidePresented at the 133rd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, April 13 to 18, 1958. (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 38 (1959), S. 133-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Radiotagged acrylamide was polymerized in a solution containing untagged polyacrylamide in order to study branch formation. Polymerizations were carried out at 50°C. and at 78°C. with a persulfate-bisulfite catalyst. At 78°C., polymer with from one to seven branches was formed, while at 50°C. even with larger amounts of catalyst, the polymer was almost exclusively linear. The intrinsic viscosity of branched polyacrylamide, in water at 30°C., was compared with the predictions of the Zimm and Stockmayer equation for the intrinsic viscosity of trifunctionally branched molecules. This equation gave values which agreed well with measured values of the number of branches.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203813312
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The critical factors involved in fractionating cellulose acetate by selective adsorption onto carbonPresented before the Division of Cellulose Chemistry of the 135th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Boston, Massachusetts, April 1959. (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 41 (1959), S. 97-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Cellulose acetate can be fractionated by allowing it to be adsorbed from acetone solution onto activated carbon. Sharpest fractions are obtained when small amounts of adsorbent are used successively to take up increments of the total polymer in solution. Each adsorbate is refractionated during elution with a good solvent, and in one adsorption-desorption cycle the polymer can be divided into a large number of fractions, suitable with certain limitations, for molecular weight distribution analysis. Smaller molecules are both preferentially adsorbed and are the first eluted. Temperature and concentration have some influence on the sharpness of fractionation, but the most critical factor is the ratio of adsorbent to polymer.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1204113808
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsifier-free polymerization in aqueous media (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 16 (1955), S. 549-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization in solution of a variety of water-soluble monomers with a variety of water-soluble redox initiators is described and a detailed study is reported on the polymerization, in aqueous solution, of methyl vinyl ketone and of methyl methacrylate under the influence of potassium sulfate-silver nitrate. Keeping the persulfate concentration constant and varying the silver nitrate or, conversely, keeping the silver nitrate constant and varying the persulfate, it is found that, except at very high concentration of catalyst, both the rate of polymerization and the molecular weight of the polymer bear a linear relation to the square root of the catalyst concentration, in harmony with the general theory of catalyzed bulk and emulsion polymerization. The molecular weight of the polymer formed diminishes with increase in the temperature of polymerization. The study of redox polymerization in water, without emulsifier, has been extended to the case of a mixture of a water-soluble and a water-insoluble monomer, and it has been found that copolymerization proceeds at a reasonable rate and frequently forms a stable latex. The copolymerization of styrene and 5 or 10 per cent of its weight of methacrylonitrile in water under the influence of a water-soluble persulfate-bisulfite redox pair has been examined with some closeness. Polymerization is apparently initiated in the aqueous solution, since, contrary to the state of affairs in emulsion polymerization, water-soluble retarders are more effective than oil-soluble ones, when the retarder is added at the outset. If the retarder is added at a later stage of polymerization, oil-soluble reagents are more effective than water-soluble ones. The water-soluble monomer enters into the polymer at a greater rate than the water-insoluble one, but it appears that, even at the earliest stage at which it is practicable to take samples co-polymerization occurs. The influence of catalyst concentration on the rate of polymerization, the molecular weight of the polymer, and the latex particle size was examined.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1955.120168239
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the determination of methyl content in polyethylenesPresented in part before the Symposium on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy at Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, June 13-17, 1955. (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 19 (1956), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A method for the quantitative determination of the degree of branching (methyl content) in ethylene polymers is described. This method involves the use of a calibration curve prepared from hydrocarbons of known methyl content. Because of the importance to the calibration of having hydrocarbon with a methyl content roughly that of the polymers to be measured, the hydrocarbon, n-C58H118, was prepared and its synthesis is given. The methyl contents of a series of polyethylenes, both commercial and experimental, were determined, and the results correlated with some physical properties of the polymers. A quantitative relationship was shown between the crystallinity of a polymer, as measured by the density, and the degree of branching. Qualitative relationships between molecular weight and branching and between mechanical properties and branching were also shown.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1956.120199213
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An independent measurement of the amorphous content of polymers (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 19 (1956), S. 485-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Attempts have been made, particularly by American workers, to exploit differences in crystalline and amorphous polymer spectra to determine crystalline/amorphous ratios. In most published work authors have been forced to rely on calibration by other methods, especially density. They have justified the use of the spectroscopic method principally on the grounds of speed in obtaining results. We propose a spectroscopic method, applicable to a number of polymers, which is entirely independent of other measurements. We are thus able to compare our results with those obtained by other methods and have in some cases been able to draw useful conclusions from apparent anomalies. Our method depends upon measurement of pure amorphous bands. We consider these to arise from the multiplicity of rotational isomers present in the amorphous phase. The pure amorphous spectrum of many polymers can be obtained, and by this means an absolute calibration of amorphous content is possible. Crystalline bands cannot be so calibrated; they are dangerous to use quantitatively, although superficially more attractive because of their sharpness. The application of the method to some common polymers including polythene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polytetrafluorethylene is described; the results are compared with values obtained by x-ray and density methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1956.120199310
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