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  • Chemistry  (45)
  • 1955-1959  (43)
  • 1940-1944  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 157-161 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To test the applicability, over a wide range of temperatures, pressures, and gas physical properties, of the mass transfer correlation presented earlier, 0.5-in. naphthalene Berl saddles were vaporized into air, carbon dioxide, and Freon-12 in a 4.0-in. column. Temperatures from 15° to 73°C. and pressures from 0.26 to 1 atm. were covered.The correlation was found to represent all the experimental data when the surface temperature of the naphthalene was used to evaluate the correct driving force.This correlation, when combined with effective interfacial areas presented previously, makes it possible to estimate the volumetric mass transfer coefficeint, kGa, for any gas-liquid-solute system.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 324-329 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments in which a liquid film runs over a vertical string of spheres surrounded by a concentric tube through which air is blown upward have shown that loading in a packed tower is due to the formation of standing waves on the liquid film. In the ball-and-tube system a wave is formed just below the equator of each ball, owing to the pressure gradient within the air stream as it accelerates through the narrowing gap between the ball and the tube. Interfacial shear and surface tension are of secondary importance. The similarity between the characteristics of the ball-and-tube system and those of the randomly packed tower suggests that loading in the latter system is also due to wave formation. With this concept of loading, a correlation has been dérived.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 105-111 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The reactions involved in the removal of nitrogen oxides from gases by reaction with water are reversible and proceed at a finite rate. It is possible therefore that the over-all process is controlled by the rate of the chemical reactions. On this basis an analysis of the process has been developed by the application of chemical kinetics, with consideration of reactions involving both nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide. The resulting differential equation has been simplified and integrated to give a final equation which can be tested experimentally.Theoretical methods are presented for predicting the extent of absorption of nitrogen oxides at various gas rates and concentrations and are compared with the experimental results.The paper presents some new concepts of the factors which control the rate of absorption of nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide in water. An understanding of the controlling factors in the process should indicate methods for improving the design of absorption towers in nitric acid plants and aid in the design of scrubbers for removing nitrogen oxides from waste gases.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 75-80 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Local boiling heat transfer coefficients were experimentally determined for nucleate boiling around the outer circumference of horizontal copper tubing. The tubes used were of 16 B.W.G. hard-temper copper with outside diameters of 1 1/4 and 2 in; the liquids boiled were methanol and n-hexane. The maximum peripheral variation occurred with the 1 1/4-in. tube in methanol where an over-all ΔT of 30.2°F. gave local outside coefficients varying between 249 and 548 B.t.u./(hr.)(sq. ft.)(°F.). The minimum variation was found to occur in the same system, in which an over-all ΔT of 72.3°F. gave coefficients varying between 856 and 910 B.t.u./(hr.)(sq. ft.)(F.°). The results, plotted in polar coordinates, showed a cardioid configuration for methanol with the maximum coefficients occurring at the bottom of the tube. The n-hexane results had the general shape of horizontal ellipses with maximum coefficients occurring at the sides of the tube.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 361-365 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two-phase critical flow of steam-water mixtures has been investigated over a pressure range from 4 to 43 1b./sq.in. abs. and a quality range from saturated vapor to 1% (weight) vapor. Discharges were measured from 1/4-,1/2-, 3/4-, and 1-in. pipes and from annuli of intermediate cross-sectional areas. The experimental mass flow rates are always grteater than the values calculated on the basis of a homogeneous flow model. Several empirical methods for correlating the data were determined, and comparisons are presented of the predictions of several analytical flow models.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 484-489 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pressure drop due to fluid friction has been measured in a smooth tube; in six smooth concentric annuli; and between smooth, parallel, flat plates. The data cover the viscous, transition, and lower turbulent ranges of flow. Friction factors are in agreement with theory in the viscous range and can be correlated uniquely in the fully turbulent range by means of a modified hydraulic radius concept. Limits of the transition region in annuli are functions of the ration of inner and outer radii. Correlations in the fully turbulent range permit friction factors for the noncircular ducts to be predicted within the uncertainty of smooth-tube data. Such factors can be used for the prpose of correlating other variables as well as for direct calculation of pressure drop.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 240-245 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A consistent method is presented for predicting local velocities in smooth tubes, concentric annuli, and parallel plates. Consideration is limited to the steady, isothermal, fully turbulent flow of constant-density fluids. Experimental data show the proposed correlation to be indepdent of Reynolds number and radius ratio. Intermediate quantities, calculated from friction data, permit local velocities to be determined over a wide range of operating conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 169-173 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Plutonium and the fission products can be removed from irradiated uranium by liquidmetal extraction by use of another metal immiscible with uranium. Metals studied have been silver, cerium, and lanthanum. Plutonium removal by silver is high, by the rare-earth metals moderate. In all cases volatile elements, including cesium, strontium, and barium, are removed. Rare earths are efficiently removed. Ruthenium and molybdenum are largely unaffected. Experiments with synthetic fuels corresponding to long burn-up periods show improved removal of most elements. Repeated batch extractions indicate that a continuous process separating the fuel into uranium, plutonium, and fission-product fractions could be developed.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 437-443 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The film theory of liquid-side resistance to gas absorption, embodying the assumption of a thin stagnant liquid film adjacent to the interface in which steady state diffusion occurs, has long been open to question, particularly in packed columns. Higbie's penetration theory, believed to be more reasonable, pictures the liquid as flowing over a piece of packing for a very short period of time before being mixed as it flows to the next piece of packing. In the penetration model absorption occurs during a series of brief contacts, and unsteady state mass transfer conditions prevail in the liquid.Several short glass-wetted-wall columns 1.9 to 4.3 cm. long were constructed to simulate the assumptions of the penetration theory. Because of the short length ripples were absent except when the gas rate was higher than ReG = 2,200. The desorption of carbon dioxide from water and of chlorine from dilute hydrochloric acid (0.16 to 0.18 N) was studied. The desorption rate of carbon dioxide was unaffected by gas velocity up to ReG of 2,200 and increased 1.1%/°C. over the temperature range of 22° to 31°C.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 51-54 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Profiles of mean local velocities have been experimentally determined in a smooth, concentric, horizontal annulus having a radius ratio of 0.331. The test fluid was water at room temperature flowing steadily at Reynolds numbers in the viscous, transition, and lower turbulent ranges. The transitional profiles, obtained by means of an impact probe, are summarized and discussed. Limits of the transition zone are established, and variation of the radius of maximum velocity with Reynolds number is confirmed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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