ALBERT

Description: Es wird versucht, den Tagesgang cler Lufttemperatur in der Nähe cler Ozeanoberfläche mit Hilfe eines sehr einfachen Modells zu interpretieren. Das eindimensionale Modell betrachtet nur die Divergenzen des Flusses fühlbarer Wärme und des Gesamtstrahlungsstroms. Die periodische Lösung liefert eine Amplitude des Tagesganges, die in den unteren 20 m nur etwa halb so groß ist wie die beobachtete. Mit Hilfe einer hypothetischen zusätzlichen Absorption der Sonnenstrahlung liefert eine numerische Integration dann den beobachteten Gang. Gleichzeitig folgt dann ein starker Tagesgang der Stabilität in den unteren 150 m mit einem Minimum in den Morgenstunden und einem Maximum etwa um 15.00 Uhr. Die mögliche Begründung einer zusätzlichen Absorption wird kurz diskutiert. The diurnal variation of the air temperature near the sea surface is compared with the results of a very simple model. In the onedimensional model the temperature variation is considered as given only by the divergence of the sensible heat flux and the net radiation flux. The periodical solution gives an amplitude of the daily variation, which is nearly one half of the observed in the lowest 20 m. By introduction of a hypothetical additional absorption of the sun radiation a numerical integration gives nearly the observed range. Then a strong variation of the stability follows in the lowest 150 m with a minimum at the time of sun rise and a maximum at about 3 p.m. The arguments for such an additional absorption are shortly discussed.

Description: During the two parts, Suez to Aden II, of the Indien Ocean Expedition of the research vessel ,,Meteor" radiation fluxes from above in the spectral regions 0,3-3 µ and 0,3-40 µ were measured. Instruments and arrangements are discussed. From these measurements, the measured water temperature and the reflectivity of the water surface given by older observations the following radiation balance components were computed: short wave incoming radiation (total radiation 0,3-3 µ), long wave incoming radiation (atmospheric radiation 3-40 µ), short wave outgoing radiation (reflected total radiation 0,3-3 µ), and long wave outgoing radiation (reflected atmospheric radiation and emitted radiation 3-40 µ). Daily sums for the components are given in a table and the diurnal variation of hourly sums are presented grafically for each day. The mean of the measured total radiation is in good agreement with data given by BUDYKo's atlas of heat balance for this area. However the mean of the radiation balance is much greater (50%) than that given by BUDYKO. To verify the longwave results separate measurements with a polyethylene-dome-shielded pyrgeometer and four radiosoundings were carried out. In all cases the measured net radiation were smaller than calculated with a radiation diagram (MÜGGE-MÖLLER).

Description: During the IQSY-expedition of FS "Meteor" at the equatorial station water surface temperature was measured by a radiation thermometer. The error given by this method is estimated. The measured daily variation is in rather good agreement with that calculated for an ocean, which is mixed upto the surface.