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  • 1965-1969  (3)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2209-2221 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The difficulties involved in the measurement of the partition coefficient and diffusion coefficient of NaCl in hydrophilic polymer membranes are examined by the initial rate and late-time analysis of desorption data for three nonionic polymer systems. The late-time analysis, based on the plot of the logarithmic relative desorption versus time, was found to be useful when the diffusion is Fickian and the magnitude of D2/l2 is small. Depending on the magnitude of D2/l2, an accurate measurement of k2 and determination of D2 cannot be achieved without correction for the effect of surface salt solution, impossible with late-time analysis. The initial rate measurement was found more versatile for general non-Fickian diffusion and it gave a means of correction of the errors involved in estimating the partition coefficient. In general, the diffusion of NaCl in hydrophilic polymers is not ideal Fickian and the discrepancy between the two analyses is appreciable.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Unter Bezugnahme auf die freie Volumentheorie der Diffusion wurden die Diffusions -(D2), Verteilungs- (κ2), und Permeabilitätskoeffizienten (P) von NaCl in verschiedenen hydrophilen Polymersystemen untersucht. Es wurden die Annahmen gemacht, daß das freie Volumen eines gequollenen Polymersystems linear proportional zum Volumenbruchteil des Quellungsmittels (H) ist, und weiterhin, daß NaCl nur durch solche Polymersysteme permeiert, deren Quellungsmittel ein gutes Lösungsmittel für NaCl darstellt.Wie aus der freien Volumentheorie der Diffusion zu erwarten, wurde für die Werte von D2 über einen weiten Bereich (5 Größenordnungen) eine exponentielle Abhängigkeit von 1/H gefunden sowie ein Konvergieren der D2-Werte mit der Diffusionskonstante des NaCl in reinem H2O für hohe Werte der Polymeren.Die Werte von κ2 (g NaCl pro ml Polymeres/g NaCl pro ml Lösung) erwiesen sich, besonders im Bereich niederer H-Werte, für die Art des Polymeren charakteristisch. Im Bereich hoher H-Werte ist κ2 beinahe gleich dem Wert von H ; im Bereich niederer H-Werte weicht κ2 jedoch von H ab, wobei die Größe der Abweichung stark vom chemischen Aufbau des Polymeren beeinflußt ist. In diesem Bereich entspricht der Wert von D dem aus der freien Volumentheorie folgenden.Die Werte von P, gegeben durch k2D2, änderten sich ebenfalls exponentiell mit 1/H im Bereich hoher H-Werte, wichen jedoch von dieser Beziehung im Bereich niederer H-Werte infolge des Einflusses von k2 ab.
    Notes: Based on an analysis by the free volume theory of diffusion, a study of the diffusion coefficients, D2, the distribution coefficients, κ2, and the permeability coefficients, P, of NaCl in various hydrophilic polymers was made with the assumptions that the free volume of a polymer/diluent system is linearly proportional to the volume fraction of diluent (H), and that NaCl permeates only through polymer/diluent systems in which the diluent of polymers is also a good solvent of the solute (NaCl).The values of D2 (over five orders of magnitude) were found to vary exponentially with changes in 1/H, as expected from the free volume theory of diffusion, in a wide range of H-values and converge to the value of the diffusion constant of NaCl in pure water.The values of κ2 defined by g NaCl per cm3 polymer/g NaCl per cm3 solution were found to be more characteristic to the type of polymers particularly at a lower range of H-values. At higher ranges of H-values, k2 is nearly equal to H, however, at lower H, k2 values deviate significantly from the value of H and its extent was found to be greatly dependent on the chemical nature of polymers, whereas the diffusion coefficient follows the normal pattern predicted by the free volume theory.The values of P which are given by the product of D2 and k2 also were found to vary exponentially with changes in 1/H at higher range of H, however, at lower range of H it deviates from the relationship due to the varying dependence of factor k2 on 1/H.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 125 (1969), S. 108-118 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde an in Wasser gequollenen Membranen die Diffusionspermeabilität (P) für NaCl, Kreatinin, Secobarbital und Bis-hydroxyäthylterephthalat bestimmt. Die in Teil I gezeigte lineare Abhängigkeit des log-P-Wertes vom Volumenbruch des Wassers in der gequollenen Membran (1/H) wurde auch für die in dieser Arbeit untersuchten Stoffe bestätigt. In der graphischen Darstellung der obigen Beziehung nimmt der negative Richtungskoeffizient mit zunehmender Molekülgröße des Gelösten zu. Enthält die Membran ionische Zentren, so nimmt die Permeabilität ionisierbarer Stoffe ab, und ihre relative Anordnung ändert sich. Die Permeabilität stark dissoziierter Stoffe wie NaCl wird sowohl durch negative als auch durch positive Zentren in der Membran herabgesetzt. Die Permeabilität schwach dissoziierender, organischer Stoffe wird vorwiegend durch eine mit dem organischen Ion gleichsinnige Membranladung beeinflußt, der Einfluß des Gegenions ist in diesem Fall sehr gering.
    Notes: The diffusive permeabilities, P, of sodium chloride, urea, creatinine, secobarbital and bis-hydroxyethyl terephthalate through water swollen polymer membranes were studied. The linear dependence of log P on the reciprocal of the volume fraction of water in the water swollen membrane, 1/H, (reported in Part I) was also found for those solutes investigated. The negative slope of the plot was found to increase with increasing size of solute. Ionic charge of the membrane phase was found to decrease the permeability of ionized solutes from values for neutral membranes and changes the permeability ratios of solutes. The permeability of highly ionized solutes, such as sodium chloride, are reduced by either positive or negative charge on the membrane phase; however, the permeability of weakly ionized organic solutes is affected mainly by membrane charge identical to the organic ions, and the effect of counter ions was found to be small.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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