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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (415)
  • Chemical Engineering  (128)
  • 1965-1969  (543)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1585-1591 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It is known that aromatic hydrocarbons are more stable to ionizing radiation than are saturated hydrocarbons. It is shown here that polyethylene can be more stable to radiation either by mixing aromatic compounds with the polyethylene or by grafting styrene onto the polyethylene. In either case, the polymer has greater radiation resistance than predicted from the law of averages. Aromatic compounds which have the greatest resonance energy protect the polymer to the greatest extent. In mixtures, polystyrene gives the least protection, and naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene give the greatest protection. Polyethylene grafted with styrene has better radiation resistance than does a polyethylene-polystyrene mixture. The G(H2) was calculated for each sample, and curves are presented illustrating the effect.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 3395-3408 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Stress relaxation in rubber stocks containing various fillers was measured at room temperature, and an empirical equation found for relating decrease in tension, ft, over a period of time from 0.1 sec. to 6 months, namely: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ f_t = f_{1.0} t^{- n} $\end{document} where f1.0 is force after 1 min. of relaxation, n is the relaxation rate of material (by definition) and t is time in minutes. Raw rubbers were examined under compression, and cured rubbers were tested under tension. In both cured and raw butadiene rubbers, stress relaxation was found to be a viscous-controlled process. In raw rubbers, reinforcing carbon blacks decrease the rate of relaxation, while in cured rubbers the effect of carbon black is very small. However, in swollen (to VR = 0.25), cured rubbers, the rate of relaxation increases with increasing carbon black loading, indicating a slippage and/or breakage of some carbon black-polymer attachments.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The manner in which a series of silcarboranylene-siloxane polymers behave in air at elevated temperatures was investigated by thermogravimetric, isothermogravimetric, and differential thermal analyses techniques. Results indicate that methyl pendant groups on the polymers undergo thermal and oxidative degradations at temperatures under 600°C. Final weight losses of the polymers, however, are significantly lower than that shown by dimethylsiloxanes. The reduced volatility is attributed to the inhibition of thermooxidation by the m-carboranylene group in the polymer molecules. This protective influence decreases apparently as the distance between the carborane nucleus and the methyl groups increases.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The anomalous freezing point depression, ΔT, of benzene-swollen vulcanizates has previously been attributed to the limitation of (benzene) crystallite size by the polymer network. This study was initiated to determine the benzene crystallite size in a number of rubber and benzene systems. A special low-temperature specimen holder was designed and constructed in the Cambridge Laboratories for running diffraction patterns at temperatures near -30°C. X-ray line broadening techniques were used to study a series of filled and unfilled vulcanizates of varying crosslink density. The results indicate that crystallite size is not depressed to the degree predicted by freezing-point measurements. Benzene crystallite sizes were similar in all rubber benzene systems, regardless of degree of crosslinking or benzene fraction, although carbon black loading appears to increase crystallite size. This effect may be attributed to lesser depth of penetration of the x-rays due to greater density as carbon black loading increases. Additional studies measuring the ΔT for solutions and similar vulcanizates of NR and SBR over a wide range of rubber concentrations showed that at the same rubber in benzene fraction, crosslinking increases ΔT but the addition of carbon black reduces ΔT. An explanation for the observed phenomena is advanced.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 2067-2078 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A description of methods available for the determination of structural parameters in nylon 66 is given for both wide- and small-angle x-ray diffraction. The methods are applied to a series of drawn nylon 66 fibers, and the results indicate that the drawing process is one of crystal slip. It is concluded that the methods of characterization give a great deal of information about the structure along the fiber axis but that methods for examining the structure perpendicular to the fiber axis give less quantitative information and new methods are desirable.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anodic corrosion processes on steels in inert and oxidising atmospheresThe purpose of the investigation here described was to find out to what extent electrochemical techniques lend themselves to the examination of steel corrosion in the presence of molten sulphates and combustion gases. The measured equilibrium potentials of an inert metal electrode are intended to serve for the determination of the redox potential in the salt melt/combustion gases system. If no current is flowing, the stationary potential of a platinum electrode in a sulphate melt at 600° C can be expressed by the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm E} = 0.712 + 0.088\log {\rm PS0}_{\rm 2} \cdot {\rm P0}_{\rm 2} $$\end{document} where E signifies the potential related to the silver/silver sulphate electrode, and pSO2 pO2 the partial pressures (in atmospheres) of the two gases in an inert gas (nitrogen + carbon dioxide). The formula permits the conclusion that the electrode reaction can be expressed by the equilibrium condition .The anode currents set up if the potential of a mild steel or pure iron electrode is kept at the above-mentioned temperature viz. -0.3 V with N2 + CO2 + 5% O2, or + 0.4 V with N2 + CO2 + 0.2% SO2, show that under the test conditions, these metals would be greatly exposed to corrosion. Stainless steels become passive after a few hours although a residual corrosion current at + 0.4 V remains. These observations give rise to the expectation that electro-chemical examinations may well represent a useful means of examining corrosion phenomena caused by molten salts in the presence of combustion gases, so that they merit more detailed investigation.
    Notes: Durch die beschriebene Untersuchung sollten geprüft, wie weit sich elektrochemische Techniken für die Untersuchung der Korrosion von Stahl in Gegenwart von geschmolzenen Sulfaten und von Verbrennungsgasen eignen. Die gemessenen Gleichgewichtpotentiale einer inerten Metallelektrode sollen zur Feststellung des Redox-Potentials im System Salzschmelze/Verbrennungsgase dienen. Das stationäre Potential einer Platinelektrode in einer Sulfatschmelze an 600° C läßt sich - für den Fall, daß kein Strom fließt - darstellen durch die Gleichung \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm E} = 0,712 + 0,088\log {\rm PS0}_{\rm 2} \cdot {\rm P0}_{\rm 2} $$\end{document} wobei E dem Potential, bezogen auf die Silber/Silbersulfat-Elektrode und pSO2 pO2 wie pO2 den Partialdrücken (in at) der beiden Gase in einem Trägergas (Stickstoff + Kohlendioxyd) entsprechen. Die Formel erlaubt den Schluß, daß die Elektrodereaktion durch das Gleichgewicht darstellbar ist.Die Anodenströme, die fließen, wenn das Potential eines Flußstahls oder einer Elektrode aus der oben genannten Temperatur befindlichen Sulfatschmelze konstant gehalten wird (-0,3 V bie N2 + CO2 + 5% O2, bzw. + 0,4 V bei N2 + CO2 + 0,2% SO2), zeigen, daß diese Metalle unter den Bedingungen des Versuches stark angegriffen wurden. Rostfreie Stähle werden nach wenigen Stunden passiv obwohl ein Korrosions-Reststrom bei + 0,4 V verbleibt. Diese Beobachtungen lassen vermuten, daß elektrochemische Untersuchungen ein durchaus nützliches Mittel zur Untersuchungen der Korrosion durch geschmolzene Salze in Gegenwart von Verbrennungsgasen können und daher eingehender untersucht werden sollten.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 214-219 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Differently shaped bubbles were observed growing during nucleate boiling of water at atomspheric pressure. The surface temperature beneath the bubbles was measured simultaneously with a fast response surface thermocouple. The evaporation from the base necessary to account for the observed cooling was calculated. A comparison of the ratio of vapor volume formed at the base to the total volume of the bubble shows a dependency on bubble shape. The ratio is smallest for spherical bubbles, largest for hemispherical and intermediate for oblate bubbles.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 662-665 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Moore and Mesler postulated microlayer evaporation beneath a bubble to explain the sudden temperature drops observed by them during nucleate boiling of water.A method was devised to estimate the microlayer thickness from the deposit formed by a series of bubbles during nucleate boiling of saturated calcium sulfate solution containing radioactive sulfur-35. The results support the microlayer evaporation hypothesis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 942-947 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 401-403 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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