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  • Chemistry  (46)
  • AUXILIARY SYSTEMS  (20)
  • 550 - Earth sciences
  • 1965-1969  (66)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamentals of plasticating extrusion. III. Development of a mathematical model (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 198-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article describes a general mathematical model summarized in the form of a computer program for the plasticating extruder. The model combines features of the metering-zone model previously published, the melting-zone model described in paper No. I of this series, and a feed-zone model based on an extension of known theories. It is based on theoretical models for each zone unified and improved by non-linear estimation to accurately describe the extrusion experiments.The mathematical model predicts temperature, pressure, and melt channel width profiles of the plastic being processed in the plasticating extruder as a function of design and operating variables of the machine. It enables for the first time the design of the whole machine based on temperature and pressure profiles, including new combinations of cylindrical and tapered roots.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melting in plasticating extuders theory and experiments (1967)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 198-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760070313
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamentals of plasticating extrusion. II. Experiments (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experiments were performed to develop quantitative information for designing plasticating extruders for low density polyethylene. Screw design variables explored included feed section length, compression section taper, and minimum channel depth. Operating variables included were screw speed, barrel temperature, and back pressure. A moving picture film illustrates temperature action and cross-channel temperature distribution for some typical experiments using a new type of extruder screw for 2.5 inch and 8 inch diameter extrusion. The information gathered was used to obtain relations between performance and screw dimensions and revealed an optimum combination of feed section length and compression taper.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060304
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of design and operating conditions on melting in plasticating extruders (1969)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A previously proposed but further modified theoretical model for melting in plasticating extruders, in the form of a computer program, which predicts the amount of unmelted polymer at any point in the extruder, was used to simulate the effect of geometrical and operating variables on the melting performance of the extruder. The results indicate in increasing screw length required to complete melting with increasing throughput and a decreasing length of melting with increasing frequency of screw rotation. They further indicate the existence of an optimum barrel temperature for a maximum rate of melting, an optimum number of threads for a maximum melting rate, and a significant decrease in the rate of melting with increasing flight clearance. The effect of other geometrical variables and of operating conditions on the rate of melting and power consumption are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760090102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The simulation of the plasticating screw extrusion process with a computer programmed theoretical model (1969)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 11-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A fundamental mathematical model of the plasticating extruder was assembled by combining a previously reported melting model with an improved melt pumping model. The validity of the model was tested with numerous experiments on 2 1/2 in. and 8 in. diameter extruders. The experiments were performed with low and high density polyethylene, plasticized polyvinyl chloride, rigid polyvinyl chloride powder, polypropylene, ABS and nylon 66. The mathematical model proved to be excellent in predicting pressure and plastic temperature profiles in the extruder channel, temperature fluctuation, solids content, and power consumption.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760090103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus derivatives of methyl 2-(chloromethyl)acrylatePresented in part at the 152nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, New York, September 1966. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1431-1438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Several phosphorus derivatives of methyl 2-(chloromethyl)acrylate, including three phosphonium salts and one phosphonate ester have been prepared. A brief study was made of their polymerization characteristics under free-radical conditions. Several factors were noted which prevented the synthesis of methyl 2-[(diethoxyphosphinyl)-methyl]acrylate in high yields in initial experiments. Homopolymerization of these phosphorus derivatives does not take place readily in the presence of free-radical initiators.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110806
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of semicrystalline polyolefins. II. Copolymers of 3-methyl-1-pentene and 4-methyl-1-pentene (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 933-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study of the copolymerization of 3-methyl-1-pentene (3-MP) and 4-methyl-1-pentene (4-MP) showed that the poly-4-MP crystal lattice is capable of incorporating large quantities of 3-MP without a sharp lowering of melting point or adverse effect on physical and mechanical properties. The reactivity ratio of the two monomers in copolymerization are r(4-MP) = 6.2 ± 0.2 and r(3-MP) = 0.1 ± 0.1. As a result, mixed feeds containing up to 80% 3-MP produce copolymers composed primarily of repeating 4-MP units, with a random insertion of 3-MP monomer units. Calculations indicate that in a copolymer containing 37% 3-MP, the probability of finding a sequence of 2 units of 3-MP is only a little better than 5%. This copolymer shows a somewhat increased resistance to deformation under load than homopoly 4-MP. Its crystalline melting point is 248°C.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090311
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die herstellung hocheinheitlicher polystyrole durch polymerisation und fraktionierung (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 8 (1969), S. 133-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: To prepare very narrow distributed polystyrene samples, a two step procedure of polymerization is proposed, which includes a change of solvent. The first solvent, used for the initiation step, has to be characterized by a high value of vst/vp, while the second one, used for the propagation step, should guarantee a good control of temperature during the polymerization reaction. In our case, tetrahydrofuran and benzene were chosen and n-Li-butyl has been used for the initiation.The polymerization products have been characterized by MW-averages and MW-distribution. Finally a preparative fractionation has been carried out to separate the low and high MW tail of the distribution thus leading to samples whose values for M̄w/M̄n can be shown to be about 1,01.
    Notes: Zur Herstellung hocheinheitlicher Polystyrole wird ein Verfahren angegeben, das auf einer zweistufigen Lösungspolymerisation mit Austausch des Lösungsmittel beruht. Die Lösungsmittel müssen so gewählt werden, daß bei der Vorpolymerisation die Startgeschwindigkeit wesentlich größer ist als die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit, für die weitere Polymerisation jedoch die Reaktion thermisch gut kontrolliert werden kann; in dem beschriebenen Verfahren wurden Tetrahydrofuran und Benzol verwenigte Polymere entstehen sollten.Die Polymerisationsprodukte wurden durch ihr mittleres Molekulargewicht und ihre Molekulargewichts-Verteilungskurve charakterisiert. Nach einer Spitzenfraktionierung zur Abtrennung der hoch- und niedermolekularen Ausläufer liegt die erreichte Einheitlichkeit bei einem Wert M̄w/M̄n ≈ 1,01.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1969.050080109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur quantitativen bestimmung von phasengleichgewichten durch trübungstitration (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 9 (1969), S. 151-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Two new procedures are described that allow an exact determination of the equilibrium conditions for phase separation of dilute polymer solutions. Their development has been necessary, because the procedures known to date are generally neither considering the kinetic delay of gel formation nor the finite exceeding of the equilibrium requisite for observing the new phase. Contrary to the procedures so far, several gel formation procedures are performed on each polymer solution; the equilibrium conditions are then determined by extrapolation. The system polystyrene-butylacetate-propanole was used to demonstrate the new procedures.
    Notes: Es werden zwei neue Verfahren beschrieben, die eine exakte Bestimmung der Gleichgewichtszustände verdünnter Polymerlösungen ermöglichen. Mit ihnen lassen sich die grundsätzlichen Fehler vermeiden, die den bisher bekannten Verfahren anhaften, da diese im allgemeinen weder der kinetischen Verzögerung des Gelbildungsprozesses noch der zur Beobachtung der neuen Phase notwendigen endlichen Überschreitung des Gleichgewichtes Rechnung tragen. Bei den neuen Verfahren werden für jede Polymerlösung mehrere Gelbildungsprozesse durchgeführt, aus denen dann durch eine Extrapolation der gesuchte Gleichgewichtszustand gewonnen wird. Die Verfahren sind am Beispiel des Systems Polystyrol-Butylacetat-n-Propanol angewandt worden.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1969.050090114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das verschiedene Verhalten einiger o-Chinone und des Benzils gegen Dimethyl- und Diäthylzink; Analogie zum Verhalten gegen Diazomethan und -äthan (1968)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 101 (1968), S. 900-907 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzen von Phenanthrenchinon (2) mit Dimethylzink wurde 10-Hydroxy-10-methyl-9.10-dihydro-phenanthron-(9) (8) erhalten, während mit Diäthylzink, wie bekannt, der Monoäthyläther 7b entsteht. Dialkyläther des Phenanthrenhydrochinons konnten nicht hergestellt werden. Auch 3-Chlor- und 3.4-Dichlor-naphthochinon-(1.2) (17 bzw. 12) bildeten mit Dimethylzink Carbinolketone 18a bzw. 13a. Mit Diäthylzink entstand aus 12 ein Mono-äthyläther des entspr. Hydrochinons, aus 17 ein 4.4′-Binaphthyl-Derivat 19 (oder Isomeres). Benzil reagiert nicht mit Dimethylzink; mit Diäthylzink entstand Benzoin-äthyläther. Das unterschiedliche Verhalten von Dimethyl- und Diäthylzink wird mit dem von Diazomethan und -äthan verglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19681010320
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