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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 259-272 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In order to study structure-tissue reactivity relationships and ultimately develop a less necrotizing adhesive, this laboratory undertook a study of the synthesis and degradation of the homologous series of α-cyanoacrylate monomers and polymers. A method for synthesizing high purity cyanoacrylates and some of their chemical and physical properties and presented. In vitro kinetics studies under heterotgeneous and homogeneous conditions indicate that cyanoacrylate polymers degrade by hydrolytic scission of the polymer chain. The products resulting from such a scission are formaldehyde (positively identified by derivative formation) and ultimately and alkyl cyanoacetate. As the homologous series is ascended, the rate of degradation under neutral conditions decreases. In homogeneous solutions, under alkaline conditions, the ràte of degradation is considerably higher than under neutral conditions and the rates obtained with the methyl to the butyl derivative are of the same order. Aproposed mechanism of degradation is presented. Medical evaluation has indicated that as the homologous series is ascended, the greater the tissue tolerance to the monomers and polymers. The relevance of the results of the in vitro studies to this medical finding is presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 967-985 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A description is given of the design and operation of high-power magnetic drives developed to enable shaft seals and glands to be dispensed within deepculture vessels, in tissue homogenizers, and in mixing and filling processes where sterility is essential. The drives operate at speeds of 300 to 2000 rpm in volumes of 300 1. to 10 ml with clearances up to 16 mm between the pole faces of the magnets.Two types of drive are described, one in which the driving and driven magnets form an integral unit on the lid of a vessel: such vessels are used for transporting material. To intiate stirring, it is only necessary to connect a motor directly, or through a cable-drive, to the magnetic-drive assembly. In the other type of unit the driving magnet is attached permanently to the driving motor. Locating pins on the base of the motor and corresponding sockets on the lid of the vessel ensure that when the motor is in position, the driving and driven magnets are located correctly in relation to one another.The design of these drives is based on the use of multipole, ceramic magnets. The advantages of their use in such units, compared with metal magnets, are discussed. Earlier magnetic drives are also discussed and explanations offered for the difficulties formerly met in scaling up.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1214-1214 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 4025-4028 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cells of the germinal layer of mouse esophageal epithelium were used for quantitative assessment of the spatial distribution of proliferating cells. In tritiated thymidine autoradiographs the nonsynthesizing cells between synthesizing (or dividing) cells were counted, rather than counting the dividing cells in pre-established grid units. Dividing and DNA-synthesizing cells are almost random in spatial distribution, but there is an excess of labeled or dividing cells immediately adjacent to one another over what would be expected if the spatial distribution were random. Two possible explanations for the excess of adjacent proliferating cells are suggested: (a) direct cellular interaction or local humoral influences, and (b) phasing of adjacent cells which have a common line of descent.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 82 (1965), S. 73-77 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird gezeigt, daß zwischen den Copolymerisationsparametern Q für n-Alkylmethacrylsäureester CH2 = CMe.COOR und den Dissoziationskonstanten der Fettsäuren R.COOH eine Beziehung besteht. Es wird versucht, eine Erklärung dieser Beziehung auf der Basis induktiver und sterischer Effekte der Alkylgruppen und eines radikalstabilisierenden Wasserstoffverschiebungsmechanismus zu geben. Das aus dem Methylmethacrylat entstandene Radikal kann nicht an dem Verschiebungsmechanismus teilnehmen und verhält sich daher anomal.
    Notes: A relationship between the Q factors for the n-alkyl methacrylates esters CH2 = CMe.COOR in copolymerization and the dissociation constants of the fatty acids R.COOH is demonstrated. An attempt is made to explain this on the basis of inductive and steric effects of the alkyl groups, and a radical stabilising hydrogen-shift mechanism. The product radical from methyl methacrylate cannot participate in hydrogen-shift structures and is therefore the anomalous member of the series.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 100 (1967), S. 255-261 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Um zu zeien, daß sich die flüchtigen Bestandteile im Verlaufe der Pyrolyse des Polystyrols von den Kettenenden her und nicht statistisch entwickeln, wurde eine einfache Theorie verwendet. Die Abbruchsreaktion verldäft nach der ersten Ordnung. Es werden Reaktionsmechanismen erörtert, die these Tatsache erklären sollen.
    Notes: A simple theory is employed to show, that volatiles are evolved from chain-end initiation but not from random initiation during pyrolysis of polystyrene. The termination reaction is shown to be a first order process. Mechanisms to explain these facts are considered.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 113 (1968), S. 75-84 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bei der Pyrolyse von Polymethylacrylat wurde der Einfluß des 1.4-Diaminoanthrachinons, eines Inhibitors für Radikalkettenreaktionen, auf die Bildung von Kohlendioxid und Methanol untersucht. Die Versuche führen zu dem Scbluß, daß these flüchtigen Produkte aus Nebenreaktionen stammen, die mit der Kettenreaktion konkurrieren, die Ursache für die Spaltung der Polymerhauptkette ist. Möliche Reaktionswege werden an Hand von IR- und UV-Messungen diskutiert.
    Notes: The effects of the free radical inhibitor 1.4-diaminoanthraquinone on the evolution of carbon dioxide and methanol during the pyrolysis of poly(methyl acrylate) have been studied. The experiments lead to the conclusion that these volatiles are formed in competing side processes of the free radical chain reaction which causes back bone fragmentation. In the light of IR and UV spectroscopic measurentents possible reaction routes are considered.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 109 (1967), S. 194-203 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Kurven der Umwandlungsgeschwindigkeit von Polyacrylsäuremethylester zu flüchtigen Verbindungen bei 286-310°C zeigen Maxima im Bereich von 10-20% Umwandlung im Einklang mit dem statistischen Abbau und den dabei zugleich stattfindenden Übertragungsreaktionen. Ebenso spricht die Änderung des Molekulargewichtes in der ersten Reaktionsphase für einen statistischen Abbau. Es wird ein Reaktionsmechanismus vorgeschlagen, der als Anfangsreaktion gleichmäßige Spaltung der Hauptkettenbindung enthält. Weiter soll dann eine Reihe von Übertragungsreaktionen durch freie Radikale folgen. Eine Spaltung vom Kettenende her scheint unwahrscheinlich zu sein. Es wurde festgestellt, daß 1.4-Diaminoanthrachinon, das als Inhibitor der Bildung freier Radikale bekannt ist, sowohl die Bildung flüchtiger Substanzen als auch eine statistische Kettenspaltung verzögert, wodurch der vorgeschlagene Mechanismus gestützt wird. Die Aktivierungsenergie für die flüchtigen Bestandteile beträgt 35 kcal/mol, die für die statistische Kettenspaltung 33 kcal/mol.
    Notes: The rate curves for the conversion of poly(methyl acrylate) to volatiles at 286-310°C show maxima in the region 10-20% conversion, consistent with random degradation with transfer. The molecular weight changes in the early stages of the reaction also suggest random breakdown. A reaction mechanism involving initiation by random homolytic back-bone bond scission followed by a chain of free radical transfer reactions, inter- and intramolecular, is proposed. Chain-end initiation appears to be unlikely. The free radical inhibitor 1.4-diaminoanthraquinone was found to retard both volatile formation and random chain scission thus supporting the proposed mechanism. The energies of activation for volatile formation and random chain scission are 35 and 33 kcal/mole respectively.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 115 (1968), S. 268-274 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die langsame, zweite Stufe des thermischen Abbaus von Polymethylmethacrylat wurde erneut untersucht. Für den Fall, daß die „Depolymerisationslänge“ (zip length) kürzer ist als die Kettenlänge des Polymeren, wird an Hand einer einfachen Theorie gezeigt, daß ein Korrekturglied Für die Initiierung des Abbaues vom Kettenende her in die kinetischen Gleichungen eingeführt werden muß, um die Geschwindigkeit der Bildung des Monomeren vollständig zu beschreiben.
    Notes: The „slow“ second stage of the thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) is reexamined. It is shown, by means of a simple theory, that when the zip length is less than the mean molecular chain length an element of chain end initiation must be included in the kinetics to describe fully the rate of monomer formation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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