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  • Articles  (189)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (189)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Institute of Physics
  • 1965-1969  (189)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (189)
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  • Articles  (189)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endgroup modification of unsaturated polyesters. Effect on chemical resistance (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1681-1700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Endgroups of unsaturated polyesters formulated with mole ratios of 2/1/3 and 1/1/2 isophthalic acid/maleic anhydride/propylene glycol were modified. Carboxylic acid content was effectively reduced by esterification with alcohols or epoxides, amidation with phenyl isocyanate, or neutralization with amines. Hydroxyl content was reduced by esterification with acids or anhydrides and urethane formation with phenyl isocyanate. Chemical resistance was determined by measuring the decrease in flexural strength and modulus with exposure to 10% solutions of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid at 82°C. A 2-week test using the medium chemical-resistant 2/1/3 polyester indicated that any modification which decreased the carboxylic acid content improved chemical resistance. Modifications which increased or decreased the hydroxyl content had no significant effect in the 2-week tests; however, decrease of hydroxyl content appeared important in 6-month exposure tests. The 1/1/2 resins which have high initial chemical resistance had poorer chemical resistance after endgroup modification than the unmodified 1/1/2 resin, with the exception of the phenyl isocyanate-modified product which was equal to the unmodified resin. Water (0.8%) and xylene (0.1%) had no effect on chemical resistance. However, larger amounts of residual solvent were disadvantageous.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090507
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organotin polyesters (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 3383-3388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The interfacial polymerization technique was used in the preparation of organotion polyesters. Dialkyltin dihalides dissolved in an organic solvent immiscible with water were reacted with the dialkali metal or ammonium salt of a dicarboxylic acid. High yields of polyesters were obtained after short reaction times. The polyesters were generally insoluble and were high melting. Copolymers were also obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070091015
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental stability of ABS plasticsProd. No. 1582 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1731-1735 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experiments with different ABS resins indicate that thermal stability in this class of polymers is dependent upon the ratio of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer to polybutadiene rubber in the graft phase; resins containing more highly grafted rubber are more resistant to thermal oxidation. It is also found that in outdoor aging there is a minimum carbon black loading for these resins below which light screening is not effective.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110912
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The photo-oxidation of polypropylene: Some effects of molecular orderN.R.C.C. No. 10912. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1447-1458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fractional crystallization was used to separate a commercial, predominatly isotactice, unstabilized polypropylene into fractions of relatively low and relatively high atacticity, but of similar molecular weight. IR spectroscopy was used to follow the photo-oxidations of films formed from these fractions during irradiation in air with light of wavelengths greater than 3000 À. The major oxidation products included hydrogenbond hydroperoxides and carbonyl compounds. Films of constant tacticity, but varying morphology were prepared by quenching from the melt. No distinct correlation was found between sample photostability and morphology, as indicated by film density. Films of low atactic content were found to undergo faster photo-oxidation than films of high atactic content, irradiated under identical conditions. This effect is believed to be due to the occurrence of a stereo-dependent step (or steps) in the oxidative chain, and not due to differences in sample morphology. The possible nature of the stereo-dependent steps is considered in terms of well-established oxidative chain processes. The effects of polypropylene polymorphism on oxygen permeability are briefly considered.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130708
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for polymer fatigue (1969)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 121-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Attempts to use low-cycle fatigue techniques derived from the work of Coffin and Manson to predict the fatigue performance of six diverse structural plastics are discussed. Through an analysis of dynamic property and thermal behavior studies of polymer samples in reversed-tension fatigue, an improved model for the polymer fatigue process has been proposed. Laboratory test data are presented illustrating the relationship between the various models.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760090208
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of molecular weight distribution and branching on rheological parameters of polyethylene melts. Part I. Unfractionated polymersPresented at the 145th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, N. Y., September 1963. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 757-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It is well known that the rheological behavior of polyethylene melts is affected by at least four variables: (1) molecular weight, (2) molecular weight distribution, (3) long-chain branching and its distribution, and (4) short-chain branching. Of these, the first three appear to have the largest effects. In the present paper an attempt is made to determine the effect of molecular weight distribution by rheological studies of polymers having similar molecular weight distribution by rheological studies of polymers having similar molecular weights and degrees of branching, but varying considerably in their molecular weight distributions as determined by fractionation. The rheological parameters studied were melt recovery, non-Newtonian behavior, critical shear rate, and melt strength. It is shown that the melt recovery increases uniformly as the molecular weight distribution broadens. The degree of non-Newtonian behavior, as measured by the exponent n of the power law, also increases with distribution breadth and is particularly affected by the amount of low molecular weight polymer present. Melt strength increases in a similar manner. Critical shear rate is inversely related to the breadth of the molecular weight distribution and is particularly dependent on the molecular weight of the highest fractions. The log of the critical shear rate is inversely proportional to the melt index recovery.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090232
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of molecular weight distribution and branching on rheological parameters of polyethylene melts. Part II. Fractions and blendsPresented at the 145th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New New York, N. Y., September 1963. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 767-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies of the rheological properties of fractions of linear and branched polyethylenes have shown that the melt recovery of linear polyethylene fractions is very small and independent of molecular weight over a wide range. Fractions containing high degrees of long-chain branching, on the other hand, have high melt recoveries. The melt recovery of a fraction can therefore be used as an index of long-chain branching. Alternatively, if no long-chain branching is present, the melt recovery is a unique function of the molecular weight distribution. This effect is illustrated by blends of fractions. The log of the critical shear rate is a linear function of the log melt viscosity of the fraction for both linear and branched polyethylenes. This would indicate that the critical shear rate of polydisperse samples would depend primarily on the weight-average of Z-average molecular weight of the polymer. This is confirmed by previous studies on polydisperse samples. It also appears that critical shear rate is highly dependent on the homogeneity of the sample. Blends of the same fractions had quite different critical shear rates, depending on the procedure used to prepare them, even though their molecular weight distributions were identical. The change in viscosity with shear rate is not a unique function of molecular weight or melt viscosity. Fractions of linear polyethylene show a greater change in viscosity with shear rate than branched fractions of similar low shear melt viscosity. This suggests that the effect is related to chain entanglement or coordinated segmental motion.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090233
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the reactivity of functional groups during polyesterification: A new approach to polymerization in fatty-acid-modified polyesters (alkyd resins) (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1593-1602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Gel-point calculations based on the theory of polyesterification proposed by Flory do not agree with the experimental values even when Bobalek's concept of gel point as the first formation of infinite molecules (microgel) is used. Resins covering the range 30-60% oil length were prepared and examined by electron microscopy for the presence of microgel particles. The extent of reaction at which microgel forms is discussed in relation to the concept of equal reactivity. The conditions necessary for the formation of microgel particles and the significance of these observations to the basic assumptions used in developing the theory of polyesterification are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110820
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aging of polyblends (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 1193-1197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Methyl methacrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, alone and with polybutadiene modification, were examined for changes in impact strength and yellowness after thermal and light aging. The copolymer displayed no change in strength or clarity, while the butadiene-modified material showed increase in yellowness and loss in impact resistance. It is apparent that these changes are primarily due to the decomposition of the butadiene phase in the impact material, and this conclusion might be applied to diene-containing blends in general.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1968.070120517
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions catalyzed by minerals. Part II. Chain termination in free-radical polymerizationsProd. No. 1653 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2567-2575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of aluminosilicates and magnesium silicates on the free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate is discussed. The relationship between the structure of the mineral and its ability to inhibit radical reactions is considered, and it is concluded that aluminum in octahedral coordination is mainly responsible for the inhibition. Mechanisms which account for the termination reaction are proposed and supported by studies of the reaction of stable free radicals with the minerals.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111216
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