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  • Articles  (487)
  • General Chemistry  (240)
  • Chemical Engineering  (200)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (47)
  • AERODYNAMICS
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  • 1965-1969  (472)
  • 1940-1944  (15)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on automatically aerated biosynthetic processes. II. Occurrence and elimination of CO2 during penicillin biosynthesis (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 337-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxygen uptake of Penicillium chrysogenum hyphae growing in automatically aerated deep cultures was the subject of local and periodical change. The change depended on the concentration of carbon dioxide which accumulated in the gas phase of system during the evolution of foam bubbles, and which was suddenly liberated when the foam was destroyed. The actual concentration of sunflower oil added as an antifoaming agent also influenced the oxygen uptake of culture.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080303
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on automatically aerated biosynthetic processes. I. The effect of agitation and CO2 on penicillin formation in automatically aerated liquid cultures (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 343-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The oxygen demand of Penicillium chrysogenum culture was supplied by an automatic aeration control system on the basis of the actual respiration of the cells. The simultaneous use of the automatic aeration apparatus and a turbomixer of great shear stress revealed that some effects of agitation are independent of aeration. These effects of agitation are manifested in two ways: (1) in the increased break down of the cell clumps, thus assuring large free cell surfaces for contact with the substrates; and (2) in the increased mixing effect, which assures a continuous mass transfer towardes the free cell surfaces. These effects of the agitation can improve the yield when the O2 level is maintained near to the saturation value. By means of an automatic aeration control system, the influence of carbon dioxide on the metabolism of hyphae and the production of penicillin was found to be demonstrably inhibitory when the dissolved oxygen was above the critical concentration in the culture liquid. This result is supporting evidence for the assumption that aeration is necessary to biosynthetic processes in two equally important ways: (1) to maintain the oxygen level above the critical value; and (2) to assure ventilation, by which the carbon dioxide level may be kept below its inhibitory critical value.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070304
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on ventilation of culture broths. I. Behavior of CO2 in model systems (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 133-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of dissolution and dehydration of CO2 in a liquid model system was investigated. Components in the model system established the main conditions which may exist, in the extracellular space of a microbiological culture liquid. The charge in voltage of a glass electrode was measured which indicated the formation of H+ ions in the H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3- H+ reaction. The rate of CO2 hydration increased with the increase of temperature from 0 to 40°C. Likewise the equilibrium of the reaction was shifted towards the forward reaction. Similar results were observed when the tip velocity of the impeller was increased. Data suggest that agitation promotes the dissolution of CO2 in the culture liquid through the reduction of gas-liquid film resistance in the diffusion of this gas. The rate of hydration of CO2 into the bulk of the liquid was independent of pCO2 above the surface of the liquid but depended on pCO2 in the gas bubble within the liquid. The concentration of HCO3- was, furthermore, influenced by the buffer components, buffer capacity, and the viscosity of the system. Since pCO2 and the HCO3- concentration in the extracellular space depend on both physical and chemical factors, the ventilation of a culture liquid necessitates both exhaust of CO2 from the gas bubbles of the culture broth and shift of the H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3- + H+ reaction towards the backward direction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100203
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic brominatioin of the thiazole ring (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1227-1232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bromination of the thiazole ring by the enzyme chloroperoxidase, produced by the fungus Caldariomyces fumago, was demonstrated. Both 2-acetoacetamido-4-methylthiazole and 2-acetamidothiazole were brominated on C-5 of the thiazole ring in the presence of chloroperoxidase, bromide, and hydrogen peroxide in 0.06 M Phosphate solution at pH 3.0. No reaction occurred in the absence of enzyme.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110616
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An automatic aeration control system for biosynthetic processes (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 91-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An automatic aeration controller was constructed to assure the optimal amount of oxygen for aerobic biosynthetic processes. A platinum electrode and a KCl bridge for the calomel electrode were inserted hermetically into the fermentor and were sterilized with the culture medium. The electrode potential developed at the surface of the Pt electrode continuously indicated the actual oxygen concentration of the medium. This served as the controlled variable of the system. The concentration of dissolved oxygen resulted from the actual demand and supply of the microorganism. The electrode potential, which was the measured variable of the process, operated a closed-loop automatic aeration system. The controller activated an air inlet valve in order to balance the controlled variable. The automatic controller operated in fermentors of industrial scale for long periods in a satisfactory manner.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070120
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of micromixing on growth processes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 181-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of pressure drop for two-phase, two-component concurrent flow in packed beds (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 1196-1202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two-phase, gas-liquid concurrent flow in packed beds was investigated with the use of an air-water system and 2-, 4-, and 6-in. diameter columns packed with tabular alumina particles of 0.025 and 0.027 ft. diameters. Total pressure drop, column operating pressure, and liquid saturation were measured as functions of gas flow rate, fluid temperatures, and flow direction at several constant liquid flow rates for each column.Correlation of the frictional pressure loss was achieved in terms of a defined two-phase friction factor and a second correlating parameter which is a function of the liquid and gas Reynolds numbers. A viscosity correction factor was required to extend the friction factor correlation to include liquid viscosities widely divergent from that of water.The liquid saturation data for both upward and downward flow were correlated in terms of the ratio of mass flow rates of the respective phases.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690130630
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions in a tubular reactor (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Irreversible, first-order, simultaneous heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions in an isothermal tubular reactor under laminar flow conditions are studied. Accurate values of the eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and radial concentration profiles are found for the dilute system. Criteria are given as to when the homogeneous reaction may be neglected with respect to the heterogeneous reaction and vice versa. It is found that for a certain range of the rate parameters well-known limiting solutions apply. Outside this range, the new solutions must be used.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690130326
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The laminar boundary layer on a moving continuous flat sheet immersed in a non-Newtonian fluid (1969)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The laminar boundary layers on a moving continuous flat surface in non-Newtonian fluids characterized by the power law model are investigated using exact and approximate methods. Both pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids are considered. Numerical solutions of the boundary-layer equations are obtained for values of the parameter n in the power law model ranging from 0.1 to 2.0. An integral solution of the momentum equation, which can be used to obtain values of the dimensionless shearing stress that are in good agreement with the exact values, is developed. An integral solution to the energy equation is also presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690150307
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The estimation of parameters for a commonly used stochastic model (1969)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 100-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A region into which particles arrive in a random manner, remain a random amount of time, and then leave is considered. This model is used in penetration theories of heat and mass transfer. From observations of the number of particles present at any time, it is desired to estimate arrival and exit statistics, residence time statistics, and average rates of transfer across the region. Assuming arrival is a Poisson process, equations governing the above statistics are derived. Some problems in spectral analysis arising from the use of nondifferentiable stochastic processes are solved. Estimators for important parameters are discussed, and it is shown that generally they are biased. A derivation linking the rate of transfer across the region with the rates of transfer of particles is obtained and compared with other such results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690150123
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