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  • Articles  (1,619)
  • Chemistry  (1,464)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (155)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • 1965-1969  (1,211)
  • 1940-1944  (219)
  • 1905-1909
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  • Articles  (1,619)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance of maleic anhydride copolymers and their half esters (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 2191-2200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Infrared and NMR group-type methods for the analysis of the anhydride content of maleic anhydride copolymers such as poly(maleic anhydride-co-α-olefin) and the half ester content of their reaction products with alcohols are described. The infrared analyses are based on the integrated absorptivities of the anhydride carbonyl and the combination of the acid and ester carbonyl. The NMR method is based on the intensities of the various chemically shifted groups in the copolymer. The use of dimethyl sulfoxide as an auxiliary solvent has made the infrared analysis possible.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1968.070121001
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis der Diterpene. (53. Mitteilung). Oxydation des Sclareols mit Kaliumpermanganat (1942)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 25 (1942), S. 621-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19420250321
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Panel discussion: Present status and perspectives in the study of cytodifferentiation at the molecular level. II. Discussion (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 219-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040720415
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically reacting systems of the type A + B ⇄ AB. II. Osmometry (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 5-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The osmotic pressure equation for nonideal, associating systems of the type nA +mB ⇄ AnBm, has been derived, by using the assumption yAnBm/yAnyBm = 1. This treatment can also be applied to related associations such as nA + mB ⇄ AB + AB2 + A2B + …. From osmotic pressure experiments on the pure reactants it is possible to obtain the molecular weights (MA and MB) of the reactants and also the virial coefficients (BAA and BBB) of the reactants. The osmotic pressure of a nonreacting mixture of A and B can be calculated from these measurements. It can be used along with osmotic pressure measurements on equilibrium mixtures of A and B to obtain expressions containing the equilibrium constant (or constants) and the cross-virial coefficients (BAB and BBA). Several procedures are described for the evaluation of the equilibrium constant (or constants) and the BAB or BBA terms. It appears that this procedure is a general one which is applicable to associations of the type nA + mB ⇄ AB + A2B + AB2 + …. By correcting for nonideal behavior, one should then be able to apply it to any method available for analyzing ideal associations of the types considered here. In addition it is possible, subject to certain restrictions, to analyze associations of the type 3A + B ⇄ A2 + AB.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1969.360070103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear reorganization in the Family Colpodidae (1941)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 69 (1941), S. 537-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050690308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of the repugnatorial glands of Onchidium floridanum (1942)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 71 (1942), S. 493-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050710305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The steady flow shear modulus of polymer meltsProd. No. 1277 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Relaxation times of polyethylene melts have been measured by Aloisio, Matsuoka, and Maxwell. One implication regarding their observations is that the elastic properties of polymer melts must be time-dependent. In particular, the steady-flow shear modulus depends on the strain rate. Some interpretations of data in the literature have been based on concepts in rubber elasticity where the steady-flow modulus is an equilibrium value, independent of strain rate. We have used Pao's theory for viscoelastic flow together with measurements of relaxation times to discuss the strain rate dependence of the steady-flow shear modulus of melts. The existence of a strain rate-dependent shear modulus leads naturally to a nonlinear relation between shear stress and recoverable shear strain. The conclusions regarding the molecular weight dependence of the modulus also differ from interpretations based on rubber elasticity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the flow behavior of polymer melts (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2721-2733 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of hydrogen bonding on the flow behavior of polymer melts at high shear rate has been investigated using a capillary extrusion rheometer. The systems studied were copolymers of ethylene and acrylic or methacrylic acid. Hydrogen bonding was found to substantially enhance both flow activation energy and viscosity level, as well as the degree of dependence of viscosity on rate of shear. It was also found that hydrogen bonding does not influence the critical shear stress for onset of “melt fracture.” The data support the view that hydrogen bonds act effectively as temporary (quasi-) crosslinks during the short time scales of deformation involved in flow at high shear rates.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131219
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on automatically aerated biosynthetic processes. II. Occurrence and elimination of CO2 during penicillin biosynthesis (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 337-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxygen uptake of Penicillium chrysogenum hyphae growing in automatically aerated deep cultures was the subject of local and periodical change. The change depended on the concentration of carbon dioxide which accumulated in the gas phase of system during the evolution of foam bubbles, and which was suddenly liberated when the foam was destroyed. The actual concentration of sunflower oil added as an antifoaming agent also influenced the oxygen uptake of culture.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on automatically aerated biosynthetic processes. I. The effect of agitation and CO2 on penicillin formation in automatically aerated liquid cultures (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 343-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The oxygen demand of Penicillium chrysogenum culture was supplied by an automatic aeration control system on the basis of the actual respiration of the cells. The simultaneous use of the automatic aeration apparatus and a turbomixer of great shear stress revealed that some effects of agitation are independent of aeration. These effects of agitation are manifested in two ways: (1) in the increased break down of the cell clumps, thus assuring large free cell surfaces for contact with the substrates; and (2) in the increased mixing effect, which assures a continuous mass transfer towardes the free cell surfaces. These effects of the agitation can improve the yield when the O2 level is maintained near to the saturation value. By means of an automatic aeration control system, the influence of carbon dioxide on the metabolism of hyphae and the production of penicillin was found to be demonstrably inhibitory when the dissolved oxygen was above the critical concentration in the culture liquid. This result is supporting evidence for the assumption that aeration is necessary to biosynthetic processes in two equally important ways: (1) to maintain the oxygen level above the critical value; and (2) to assure ventilation, by which the carbon dioxide level may be kept below its inhibitory critical value.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070304
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