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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (12)
  • COMPUTERS  (9)
  • Humans
  • 1965-1969  (20)
  • 1955-1959  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endgroup modification of unsaturated polyesters. Effect on chemical resistance (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1681-1700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Endgroups of unsaturated polyesters formulated with mole ratios of 2/1/3 and 1/1/2 isophthalic acid/maleic anhydride/propylene glycol were modified. Carboxylic acid content was effectively reduced by esterification with alcohols or epoxides, amidation with phenyl isocyanate, or neutralization with amines. Hydroxyl content was reduced by esterification with acids or anhydrides and urethane formation with phenyl isocyanate. Chemical resistance was determined by measuring the decrease in flexural strength and modulus with exposure to 10% solutions of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid at 82°C. A 2-week test using the medium chemical-resistant 2/1/3 polyester indicated that any modification which decreased the carboxylic acid content improved chemical resistance. Modifications which increased or decreased the hydroxyl content had no significant effect in the 2-week tests; however, decrease of hydroxyl content appeared important in 6-month exposure tests. The 1/1/2 resins which have high initial chemical resistance had poorer chemical resistance after endgroup modification than the unmodified 1/1/2 resin, with the exception of the phenyl isocyanate-modified product which was equal to the unmodified resin. Water (0.8%) and xylene (0.1%) had no effect on chemical resistance. However, larger amounts of residual solvent were disadvantageous.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090507
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbonate-modified unsaturated polyesters (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 799-800 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090236
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkylbenzene-Maleic anhydride photoadducts as dianhydrides for epoxies and polyimides (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1809-1812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dianhydrides from ethylbenzene, cumene, and branched C5-C6 alkylbenzene-maleic anhydride photoadducts have a surprisingly high solubility in epoxy resins. Dianhydrides from benzene, toluene, and n-C10-C13 alkylbenzene adducts, which are homologs of the above, were not soluble. Epoxies cured with the ethylbenzene and cumene dianhydride adducts had higher heat distortion temperatures and flexural strengths than epoxies cured with two commerical monoanhydrides. High-melting polyimides were also obtained with these two new dianhydrides.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101201
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    p-Chlorophenyldiazonium hexafluorophosphate as a catalyst in the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran and other cyclic ethersPreliminary reports of parts of this work appeared previously.1,2 (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 4 (1966), S. 2179-2200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: p-Chlorophenyldiazonium hexafluorophosphate is shown to be a convenient and effective catalyst for initiating the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (TH) and other cyclic ethers. The polymerizations apparently proceed without any significant termination or transfer reactions (i.e., “living” polymers result), and materials of very high molecular weight can be obtained. A mobile monomer-polymer equilibrium for THF was obtained during polymerization and equilibrium conversions were determined at a number of temperatures. The ceiling temperature derived from these data was 84°C., the heat of polymerization was -4.58 kcal./mole and the corresponding entropy change was - 17.7 cal./°C.-mole. Hydrocarbons are suitable inert solvents for these polymerizations, but concentrated solutions must be used at ambient temperatures in order to stay above the required equilibrium monomer conceiitration and also to dissolve the catalyst which is insoluble in hydrocarbons. It was shown that acyclic ethers act as transfer agents in these polymerizations and that transfer with consequent reduction of molecular weight continues even after monomer-polymer equilibrium is reached. Cyclic ethers do not act as transfer agents but only copolymerize. Trimethyl orthoformate was shown to be a particularly effective transfer agent; it resulted in a polymer with methoxy endgroups and produced methyl formate as a by-product. The data obtained are consistent with a mechanism involving initiation by hydrogen abstraction and polymerization via tertiary oxonium ions associated with PF-6 gegenions. This gegenion is thought to be responsible for the “living” nature of the system.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.150040913
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  • 5
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    Mechanization of tedious algebra - the newcomb operators of planetary theory. (1965)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-24
    Description: Computer program to generate table of formulas for Newcomb operators of planetary theory
    Keywords: COMPUTERS
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Instructions for the operation of codes associated with the low-energy intranuclear cascade calculation (1966)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-29
    Description: Instructions for cascade code calculations of incident nucleon and charged pion low energies resulting from intranuclear collisions
    Keywords: COMPUTERS
    Type: NASA-CR-75895 , ORNL-3844
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of polyethylene to acid etching (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2641-2649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Several samples of polyethylene were exposed to attack by fuming nitric acid and the resulting changes in density, infrared absorption, and visual appearance were recorded. The motivation for this investigation lies in the possibility of using acid etching as a means of studying the structure of interspherulitic regions in polyethylene and the relations between these and structure-sensitive properties such as stress-crack resistance. The results indicate that certain parts of the samples were attacked preferentially by the acid; the residual material, though of a porous gross structure, was of higher density than that of the average initial material. The differences in visual appearance were the most dramatic and appear to correlate with stress-crack resistance. Insofar as quantitative characterization of interspherulitic regions are concerned, the merits of this method of investigation are still in doubt and await further study.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090801
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entanglement and other steric effects in crosslinked polymers (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 34 (1959), S. 627-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It is well known that the modulus and equilibrium swellling of long-chain polymers are both related to degree of crosslinking. Modulus theory normally assumes that chain segments are completely free at all points except the junctions of chains (crosslinks). In practice, however, there are trapped entanglements and other steric restrictions on the freedom of chains in highly crosslinked polymers. In addition, real polymers may not conform entirely with the Gaussian distributions assumed by elasticity theory. The present paper discusses these effects, including a steric effect whose contribution to modulus is dependent on chain flexibility and on linkage concentration. Similar but smaller modifications appear necessary in the case of equilibrium swelling in solvent. The molecular weight of the polymer is taken into account by an adaption of Flory's theory, and a simple correction is proposed to take account of entanglements. The relation between modulus and equilibrium swelling is considered for natural rubber when vulcanized by peroxides or by sulfur, and an assessment is made of the relative effects of steric hindrance on modulus and equilibrium swelling. This is converted to an absolute estimate of steric effects by calculations based on Moore and Watson's chemical determinatios of crosslinking. The equations derived have a convenient form in which there is a parameter ω to take account of steric effects. The contribution which this makes to the modlulus is not constant because it is determined by the magnitude of ω relative to the molecular weight Mc between crosslinks. The reciprocal of ω is taken to be a measure of chain flexibility. By measurements of modulus and equilibrium swelling over a wide range of crosslinking a measure of the molecular flexibility can be obtained, together with an estimate of the solubility parameter μ for the polymer and solvent. For peroxide cures it is found thatd that μ is roughly constant when toluene is the solvent, but for sulfor vulcanizates this appears to be true only at low states of cure. The evidence suggests that μ changes from 0.42 to 0.45 when a high proportion of sulfur is combined with the rubber. Therefore peroxide cures should be used for comparing the chain flexibility of polymers. For sulfur vulcanizates these changes in μ make swollen modulus the most reliable methode of measuring crosslinking. It is estimated that eight atoms of sulfur are combined for every crosslink that is formed in the early stages of vulcanization. The work described should assist studies of curative agents and of the difference between polymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203412742
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on amylose and its derivatives. Part VII. Melting and glass transition temperatures of amylose estersDedicated to Professor Dr. E. HUSEMANN on the occasion of her 60th birthday (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 121 (1969), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Reihe Amyloseester aus dem Bereich vom Acetat bis zum Caproat wurden hergestellt. Für jede Substanz wurden der Schmelzpunkt und die Glasübergangstemperatur gemessen. Es wurde beobachtet, daß beide Temperaturen durch Verlängerung der Esterseitenkette erniedrigt werden. Auf Grund der Annahme, daß dies auf einem inneren Plastifizierungsvorgang beruht, kommt man auf Abschätzungen von Tm ≃ 800°K und Tg ≃ 590°K Für unsubstituierte Amylose. Der Durchschnittswert von Tg/Tm wurde auf ungefähr 0.80 berechnet, was auf eine ziemlich steife und unsymmetrische Polymerstruktur schließen läßt.
    Notes: Various amylose esters ranging from the acetate to the caproate were prepared. Melting and glass transition temperatures were measured for each and it was observed that both Tm and Tg were depressed as the chain length of the substituted ester side chain was increased. By assuming this to be an internal plasticization process, estimates of Tm ≃ 800°K and Tg ≃ 590°K were obtained for the unsubstituted amylose molecule. An average value of (Tg/Tm) of 0.80 was calculated for these esters which would suggest that they are moderately rigid, unsymmetrical polymers.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1969.021210105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mechanical properties of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) near its glass transition temperature. (J. Polymer sci., A3, 1785-1792, 1965) (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 3 (1965), S. 4000-4000 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1965.100031135
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