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  • Chemistry  (190)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (38)
  • Organic Chemistry  (17)
  • 1965-1969  (125)
  • 1960-1964  (89)
  • 1945-1949  (14)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A steam-sterilizable electrode of the galvanic type for the measurement of dissolved oxygen (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 549-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An oxygen probe is developed, using the principle of the silver-lead galvanic cell, covered with a plastic membrane. It is steam sterilizable while filled with water; after sterilization, water is easily exchanged for the electrolyte, potassium bicarbonate. Flat plastic membranes up to a thickness of about 0.1 mm can be applied. The membrane is secured and stretched in a special way, which guarantees a leakproof seal. The outer shape of the probe has a tulip-form and consists of polished stainless steel, except for the electrode face. The electrode is suitable for laboratory and industrial use and its components are completely standardized.Almost linear response for O2-partial pressures up to atmospheric is obtained with 0.001 in. and 0.002 in. FEP-Teflon membranes. 90% response time is of the order of 10-15 sec for the 0.001 in. membrane, Residual current is almost negligible (〈 1 μA).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homogeneous cultivation of animal cells for the production of virus and virus products (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 875-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Homogeneous technique facilitates the cultivation of large quantities of cells, reduces the risk of contamination by eliminating many manipulations, and makes practical the control of conditions such as pH and oxygen tension. Although most animal cells will not multiply in free suspension, certain cell lines have lost the requirement of being attached to a solid surface. These cells can be subcultured indefinitely but have some resemblance to cancer cells such as their abnormal karyotype. Certain cell linen developed from human embryonic tissue maintain their diploid character after repeated subculture and would seem to be ideal for the production of vaccines. However, strict regulations exist for viral products for human injection in that only cells taken from normal tissue and subcultured but once may be used.A microcarrier method in which cells adhere to DEAE-Sephadex beads permits a suspension culture which may be termed quasihomogeneous. The attached cells may be retained by sedimentation or by screening as the medium is replaced. Cell debirs from the original tissue is difficult to remove from microcarrier cultures; modifications of the trypsinization technique have alleviated but not solved this problem.Conditions for virus replication can be less critical than those for cell growth in that oxygen tension seems to have little influence on virus production. In cases where rate of virus production increases with specific growth rate of cells, homogeneous culture would have a advantage in maintaining a high cell mogeneous culture would have a valuble advantage in maintaining a high cell growth rate for a longer time. Some virus infections destroy cells, but others cause little change in cellular mteabolism except that virus is continually produced. The latter type can be conducted with a microcarrier in continuous culture with a virus titer exceeding 107 plaque forming units per milliliter for over 50 days with Rubella-infected BHK cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110513
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal field emission in carbon black-loaded natural rubber vulcanizates (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 651-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The nonohmic behavior of carbon black-loaded natural rubber viilcanizates was studied. Three samples contained high-abrasion furnace black (HAF) in good, moderate, and poor dispersion. Another sample contained a good dispersion of medium thermal black (MT). The nonohmic behavior of the poor HAF dispersion and that of the MT dispersion could be interpreted as due to internal field emission acroM insulating gap widths of 2 and 2.5 μ. The existence of such gaps waa confirmed by electron micrographs. No clear evidence of internal field emission could be obtained for the good and moderate HAP dispersions where, according to electron micrographs, the gaps are much narrower. There is some indication that the degree of diapersion can be correlated with field emission characteristics.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062408
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximale Wärmestromdichte und Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit von Dampfblasen in siedenden Zweistoff-Gemischen (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 37 (1965), S. 509-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Versuchsmaterial über die Blasenverdampfung in siedenden Zweistoff-Gemischen wird durch Filmaufnahmen ergänzt, wobei das Wachstum der Dampfblasen mit einer Bildfrequenz von 6000 Bildern pro s gefilmt wird. In bestimmten Zweistoff-Gemischen ergeben sich für die Heizflächenbelastung sehr hohe Werte, die dadurch erklärt werden, daß die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit der Blasen beim Durchqueren der überhitzten Flüssigkeit verringert wird. Der Bereich des Filmsiedens wird dann im Vergleich zu reinen Stoffen zu höheren Heizflächenbelastungen verschoben. Die Gemisch-Zusammensetzung, bei der die maximale Heizflächenbelastung auftritt, kann aus den Gleichgewichtsdaten des Gemisches mit guter Genauigkeit berechnet werden. Auch bei Dampfblasen, die noch am Heizdraht haften, und bei Unterkühlung der Flüssigkeit wird die Heizflächenbelastung in Gemischen größer als in reinen Stoffen.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330370508
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermische Untersuchung einiger Systeme. I. Alkalihalogenid-Aluminiumhalogenid (1967)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 353 (1967), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The systems RbCl—AlCl3, CsCl—AlCl3, LiI—AlI3, RbI—AlI3, CsI—AlI3 and NH4I—AlI3 have been subjected to a thermal examination. Besides 1:1 compounds in each case, NaAl2I7 and NaAl3I10 were also found. Contrary to calculations by KRIAGOVA the theoretical inference is that, in the alkali-aluminium halides, aluminium will have a tetrahedralsurrounding. Only in fluoride complexes also an octahedral surrounding is possible.
    Notes: Die Systeme RbCl—AlCl3, CsCl—AlCl3, LiJ—AlJ3, RbJ—AlJ3, CsJ—AlJ3 und NH4J—AlJ3 wurden thermisch untersucht. Außer allen 1:1-Verbindungen wurden noch NaAl2J7 und NaAl3J10 gefunden. Im Gegensatz zu den Berechnungen von KRIAGOVA ließ sich theoretisch folgern, daß in den Alkalialuminiumhalogeniden das Aluminium eine tetraedrische Umgebung hat; nur in den Fluoridkomplexen ist auch eine oktaedrische Umgebung möglich.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19673530113
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermische Untersuchungen einiger Systeme. III Alkalihalogenid-Aluminiumhalogenid (1968)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 361 (1968), S. 328-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The systems RbCl—AlCl3 and CsCl—AlCl3 have been subjected to a thermal examination up to about 65 Mol-% alkali chloride. The existence of the compounds RbAlCl4 and CsAlCl4 has been shown.As KENDALL and coworkers in the systems NaCl—AlCl3 and KCl—AlCl3 found a miscibility gap below about 18 mol-% alkali chloride, we did an analogous observation in the now investigated systems.
    Notes: Die Systeme RbCl—AlCl3 und CsCl—AlCl3 wurden bis etwa 65 Mol-% Alkalichlorid thermisch untersucht. Es wurden die Verbindungen RbAlCl4 (c) und CsAlCl4 (c) gefunden. Wie KENDALL und Mitarbeiter in den Systemen NaCl—AlCl3 und KCl—AlCl3 fanden, gibt es auch in den beiden untersuchten Systemen eine Mischungslücke bis etwa 18 Mol-% Alkalichlorid.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19683610512
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical transformations of polymeric acid solutions. I. Crossed Koble synthesis (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 2 (1964), S. 5187-5202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(methacrylic acid) was electrolyzed at 20°C. in 0.2 M dry methanol solution in a glass apparatus provided with two polished platinum disk electrodes; the current density was kept constant (300, 800, or 1000 ma.). Before electrolysis the acid was partially neutralized in order to increase the electrical conductivity. The electrolysis was characterized by evolution of carbon dioxide at the anode, while the acid content of the polymer decreased. When the degree of decarboxylation was about 30%, intramolecular lactonization occurred by interaction of unsaturated groups with neighboring acid groups. The changes of chemical composition of the polymer in function of the time were followed by determination of free carboxylic acid groups, of γ-lactones, and unsaturated groups (bromine addition). The amount of methyl ester formed by methanolysis of the lactones was calculated from methoxyl determinations. At the end of electrolysis only 5-6% free carboxylic groups were present, 35-40% lactones, 30% ester groups; the residue was mainly a hydrocarbon fraction (partially unsaturated). The electrolysis was also carried out in the presence of low molecular weight carboxylic acids, acetic, ∊-acetaminocarproic, and cyanoacetic acids, the ratio of the concentration of these acids to that of polymeric acid being varied over a wide range. With acetic acid the chemical composition of the polymer was only slightly affected through grafting of side methyl groups, as was shown by the use of C14 acetic acid. With ∊-acetaminocaproic and cyanoacetic acids the crossed Kolbe synthesis reactions are much more important, 20-24% side alkyl acetamino groups and 15% cyanomethylene groups being grafted to the main chain by this method. Chain degradation during these experiments can be practically avoided.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1964.100021215
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frictional coefficients of multisubunit structures. I. Theory (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 5 (1967), S. 135-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The theory of Kirkwood for the translational frictional coefficients of structures composed of subunits has been generalized in two ways in order to consider aggregates of nonidentical subunits. One of these generalizations fails when the sizes of subunits are too disparate; the other, derived from a surface shell distribution of frictional elements, is effective over the whole range of relative sizes. It is shown that, in the limit of a continuous surface distribution, a shell model reproduces Stoke's law for a sphere. Comparison is made between the frictional coefficients of spheres, ellipsoids, and rods modeled by finite numbers of subunits and by continuous shells of frictional elements, and those calculated from other theories. Agreement is generally good, though the shell model for prolate ellipsoids of revolution deviates by a few per cent from the Perrin value.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1967.360050202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Reaktionen des 3(5)-Diazo-pyrazols, II (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 99 (1966), S. 3350-3357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der Sandmeyer-Reaktion wurden aus 3(5)-Diazo-pyrazol in alkoholischer Lösung die noch -unbekannten 3(5)-Halogen-pyrazole dargestellt. Das Fluorderivat wurde in sehr geringer Ausbeute beim trockenen Erhitzen des Diazonium-tetrafluoroborats mit Natrium-kaliumfluorid erhalten.  -  Die Kupplungsreaktion von 3(5)-Diazo-pyrazol mit verschiedenen Phenolen zeigte, daß ausschließlich Naphthole intramolekular zu den entsprechenden Pyrazolo-triazin-Derivaten zu kondensieren vermögen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19660991040
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über das 3(5)-Diazo-pyrazol (1961)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 94 (1961), S. 1036-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3(5)-Amino-pyrazol, dargestellt durch CURTIUS-Abbau des Pyrazol-carbonsäure-(3(5))-hydrazids, liefert mit Isoamylnitrit das Diazoniumsalz. Die Diazotierung in schwach saurer Lösung ergibt die Diazo-amino-Verbindung. In schwach alkalischer Lösung entsteht aus dem Diazoniumsalz das chloroformlösliche, instabile 3(5)-Diazo-pyrazol. Aus beiden wird mit Jodwasserstoffsäure das 3(5)-Jod-pyrazol, mit β-Naphthol ein sauerstofffreies Kupplungsprodukt gebildet.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19610940420
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