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  • 1970-1974  (6)
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  • 1
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    The Effect of Small-Scale Vertical Mixing of Horizontal Momentum in a General Circulation Model (1974)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1974-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-0644
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0493
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    The effect of small-scale vertical mixing of horizontal momentum in a general circulation model (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Several experiments are described in which the sub-grid-scale vertical eddy viscosity in the GISS global general circulation model was varied. The results show that large viscosities suppress large-scale eddies in middle and high latitudes, but enhance the circulation in the tropical Hadley cell and increase the extent of the tropical easterlies. Comparison with observations shows that the GISS model requires eddy viscosities about 1 sq m per sec or less to give realistic results for middle and high latitudes, and eddy viscosities about 100 sq m per sec to give realistic results for low latitudes. A plausible mechanism for the implied increase in small-scale mixing in low latitudes is cumulus convection.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 102; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Numerical experiments on short-term meteorological effects of solar variability (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Set of numerical experiments has been carried out to test the short range sensitivity of a large atmospheric general circulation model to changes in solar constant and ozone amount. On the basis of the results of 12-day integrations with very large variations in these parameters, it is concluded that realistic variations would produce insignificant meteorological effects. Thus any causal relationships between solar variability and weather, for time scales of two weeks or less, will have to rely upon changes in parameters other than solar constant or ozone amounts, or upon mechanisms not yet incorporated in the model.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: Possible Relationships between Solar Activity and Meteorol. Phenomena; p 319-335
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The GISS model of the global atmosphere (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A description and numerical results are presented for a global atmospheric circulation model developed at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). The model version described is a 9-level primitive-equation model in sigma coordinates. It includes a realistic distribution of continents, oceans and topography. Detailed calculations of energy transfer by solar and terrestrial radiation make use of cloud and water vapor fields calculated by the model. The model hydrologic cycle includes two precipitation mechanisms: large-scale supersaturation and a parameterization of subgrid-scale cumulus convection. Results are presented both from a comparison of the 13th to the 43rd days (January) of one integration with climatological statistics, and from five short-range forecasting experiments. In the extended integration, the near-equilibrium January-mean model atmosphere exhibits an energy cycle in good agreement with observational estimates, together with generally realistic zonal mean fields of winds, temperature, humidity, transports, diabatic heating, evaporation, precipitation, and cloud cover.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 31; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Star formation and evolution in spiral galaxies. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Evolutionary models for regions of M31 and M33 and the solar neighborhood are based on a stellar birthrate suggested by the dynamics of spiral structure: we assume that stars are formed very efficiently until the gas content reaches equilibrium at its present value, which takes about 1 b.y.; thereafter, the birthrate just equals the rate at which gas enters the system from stellar mass-loss or infall of intergalactic matter. Each model represents an average around a cylindrical-shell-shaped region, which is homogeneous and closed except for possible infall. The disk and spiral-arm populations only are considered. Each star is followed in the H-R diagram from the main sequence to death as an invisible remnant. Integrated magnitudes, colors, mass-to-light ratio (M/L), gas content, helium and metal abundance (Z), are computed in steps of 1 b.y.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 179; Jan. 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Do interstellar gas clouds exist between spiral arms. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This paper discusses what can happen to clouds as they move from arm regions to interarm regions, through a density-wave shock, and back to arm regions again. Shu et al. (1972) have taken the viewpoint that interstellar clouds will survive the trip between arms. Biermann et al. (1972) have taken the viewpoint that they will not. We shall point out that cloud-cloud collisions and other processes may lead to the destruction of interstellar clouds in less time than the 100 m.y. it takes clouds to travel across arms. A possible observational test is suggested to distinguish between the two possibilities.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 180; Feb. 15
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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