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  • 1970-1974  (23)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antitranspirant Activity of the Methyl and Phenyl Esters of Abscisic Acid (1971)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 231 (1971), S. 331-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 O, Stomatal behaviour of leaves of Xanthium strumarium treated with the phenyl ester of ABA; A, treated with the methyl ester. o, The observations on untreated control plants. ------, Treatment with CO2-free air;--------, 330 p.p.m. CO2 (ambient air). Stomatal opening is in the arbitrary ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/231331a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct Effect of SO 2 Pollution on the Degree of Opening of Stomata (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 227 (1970), S. 377-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] There has been general agreement that the effects of SO 2 pollution are more damaging when stomata are open1-3. This suggests, as might be expected, that the stomata are the chief means of entry of SO2 to the interior of the leaf. The behaviour of the stomata is thus likely to be important in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/227377a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Abscisic Acid and its Esters on Stomatal Aperture and the Transpiration Ratio (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 26 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A single surface application of abscisic acid or its methyl and phenyl esters suppressed stomatal opening on leaves of Xanthium strumarium. The effect was restricted to the treated parts of the leaf blades, there being no detectable translocation to untreated parts. There were no increases in CO2 compensation to which stomatal closure could be attributed.Abscisic acid and its esters acted successfully as antitranspirants when applied once to leaf surfaces of young barley plants. Over a 9-day period there was a reduction of about 50% in the amount of water transpired without any detectable reduction in the rate of dry weight increase. The treatments reduced transpiration relatively more than dry matter accumulation, and hence there was an increase in the water use efficiency. The effect of the treatments became progressively less over 9 days, but even at the end of the experiment (day 9) both the esters reduced transpiration by 20–25%. The esters were slightly more effective than abscisic acid itself.On the basis of the data presented here, field trials of the antitranspirant properties of these compounds are recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1972.tb01117.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthesis in leaves exposed to SO 2 and NO 2 (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 250 (1974), S. 443-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR,?Bell and Clough1 have reported that the growth of S23 ryegrass was substantially reduced by exposure to 12 p p.hm. (parts per hundred million) SO2 Bleasdale2 grew the same variety of ryegrass in greenhouses ventilated with polluted air from out-of-doors on a suburban site in Manchester and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/250443c0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the mechanism of action of fusicoccin, the fungal toxin that induces wilting, and its interaction with abscisic acid (1972)
    Springer
    Planta 105 (1972), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Effects of fusicoccin alone and together with abscisic acid were observed on the stomatal complex of Commelina communis. The experimental material consisted of isolated epidermal strips incubated in a medium containing the ions required for stomatal opening. Fusicoccin stimulated opening and this was accompanied by potassium entry into the guard cells, and hydrolysis of the starch in their chloroplasts. Abscisic acid alone inhibited potassium entry and starch hydrolysis, but these effects could be almost entirely overcome by fusicoccin. Attempts were made to measure the solute potential of the guard cells under the various treatments. Abscisic acid clearly increased their solute potential, but no absolute measurements could be made in the presence of fusicoccin owing to a failure of plasmolysis even with mannitol solutions of solute potential as low as —35 bars. Experiments using isotopically labelled mannitol indicated a massive uptake into the epidermis in the presence of fusicoccin. The mechanism of stimulation of stomatal opening by fusicoccin probably depends in part on a stimulation of the normal processes associated with opening in the guard cells, but may also involve release of pressure due to destruction of the surrounding cells. The effectiveness of this toxin under natural conditions may depend on its ability to counteract effects of abscisic acid, the stress hormone that induces stomatal closure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385166
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of light quality on apical dominance in Xanthium strumarium and the associated changes in endogenous levels of abscisic acid and cytokinins (1971)
    Springer
    Planta 102 (1971), S. 140-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Apical dominance in Xanthium strumarium was influenced by the quality of illumination received at the end of the photoperiod. The involvement of the red/far-red regions of the spectrum was apparent. The persistence of the effects was partially dependent on the age of the individual buds concerned. Plants receiving 30 minutes of illumination from tungsten lamps after a 16-hour photoperiod from fluorescent tubes failed to branch, whereas plants given an identical photoperiod, both in terms of day-length and photosynthetically available light energy, but lacking the far-red from tungsten lamps, branched profusely. The influence of the spectral distribution of illumination on the levels of cytokinins and abseisic acid in the plant, and the correlation with the degree of branching, is presented and discussed. The cytokinin content was much higher in inhibited than released buds. The cytokinins present were probably not able to particinate in bud growth because of an accumulation of inhibitors resembling abscisic acid. The concentration of the inhibitors in inhibited buds was 50 to 250 times that occurring in all other plant parts examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384868
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple bioassay for detecting “antitranspirant” activity of naturally occurring compounds such as abscisic acid (1971)
    Springer
    Planta 98 (1971), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Isolated epidermal strips of Commelina communis L. showed progressively smaller stomatal openings when incubated in abscisic acid solutions ranging in concentration from 10-8 to 10-4 M. The effects were reproducible and did not appear to be affected by the presence of auxin, gibberellic acid or kinetin. This specificity suggests that this method may prove valuable as a quick, sensitive bioassay for abscisic acid and other related compounds which might be used as antitranspirants on field crops. The fungal toxin fusicoccin, previously reported to cause increased stomatal opening on intact leaves, partially reversed the closure induced by abscisic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385348
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The activity of abscisic acid analogues as inhibitors of stomatal opening (1974)
    Springer
    Planta 121 (1974), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ten analogues of abscisic acid (ABA) have been tested for their activity in assays based on the induction of stomatal closing on isolated epidermis of Commelina communis L., and the inhibition of opening on intact leaves of Xanthium strumarium L. Three of the analogues showed activity comparable to that of ABA on the stomata of Commelina. The same analogues also showed similar activity and persistence as ABA when applied to the leaf surfaces of Xanthium. Molecular requirements for activity on stomata agree closely with those for activity in the Avena coleoptile assay. The possible value of the analogues as antitranspirants is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389326
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection and preliminary identification of endogenous antitranspirants in water-stressed Sorghum plants (1974)
    Springer
    Planta 117 (1974), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sorghum plants that had been subjected to different degrees of water stress were examined for the occurrence of endogenous compounds capable of inducing stomatal closure, i.e. “antitranspirants”. Acidic extracts contained increased amounts of abscisic acid (ABA) as the amount of stress increased, but another highly active compound easily distinguished from ABA also accumulated. This compound, also found in neutral extracts, was probably all trans-farnesol, an isoprenoid alcohol which, like ABA, is a sesquiterpenoid. Highly dilute solutions of “commercial” farnesol induced stomatal closure when applied to isolated epidermis of Commelina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388024
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of abscisic acid on potassium uptake and starch content of stomatal guard cells (1971)
    Springer
    Planta 101 (1971), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Abscisic acid (ABA) at a concentration of 100 μm reduced the mean stomatal aperture on isolated epidermis of Commelina communis from 9.5 to 3.1 μm. This closure resulted from a fall in osmotic pressure of the guard cells from 14.1 to 9.8 bars; the osmotic pressure of the subsidiary cells did not change significantly. Histochemical tests showed that the potassium concentration in guard cells was reduced by ABA-treatment, while the starch content of the chloroplasts increased. ABA was found to exert a significant effect on Rb86 uptake into leaf discs, but this was relatively small in magnitude. It is concluded that ABA has a greater effect on ion uptake into guard cells than into the leaf tissues as a whole. Recent hypotheses of the stomatal mechanism are discussed in relation to these new observations, and the rejection by some writers of any major role for starch hydrolysis is challenged. Evidence from several sources suggests that starch disappearance occurs simultaneously with K+ entry into guard cells. Breakdown of starch may lead to formation of organic anions, with which K+ uptake may be associated. In this case starch breakdown would contribute as much to the increased osmotic pressure as does K+ uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387625
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