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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 254 (1972), S. 269-280 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermodynamic properties of classical Heisenberg ferromagnets can be investigated by Monte-Carlo methods. Some hundred or some thousand spins situated at lattice points can be treated. Being interested in the behaviour of the ferromagnet in the phase transition region the boundary condition for the system has to be chosen carefully. We introduce a kind of effective field acting only on the surface spins of our system; the magnitude of this field is determined self-consistently by an iterative procedure, requiring that the (relative) magnetization of the surface spins be equal to the magnetization of the spins inside the volume. By this prescription (which is a generalization of the Bethe-Peierls-Weiss approximation) one gets a very reasonable description for all temperatures except an extremely small region in the immediate neighborhood of the critical point. We find a satisfying agreement with the expected critical behaviour of the Heisenberg ferromagnet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 267 (1974), S. 313-322 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The decomposition of binary alloys after a sudden quench below the critical temperature of unmixing is studied on a microscopic basis, using a stochastic model analog to the Kawasaki spin exchange Ising model. For interactions of long range the model reduces to the standard phenomenological equation. We relate this nonlinear equation to our recent treatment of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory, and calculate the nonequilibrium relaxation functions. For interactions of short range we present some computer simulations. As example, we treat a 55×55 square lattice, with a gradient in the chemical potential. Details are given for the relaxation process, which is a coarsening at the initial stage of the decomposition, while later the gradient produces a more macroscopic phase separation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 6 (1972), S. 49-59 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Monte Carlo ; lattice gas ; surface area ; surface tension ; droplet model ; critical point ; scaling laws ; nucleation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Computer simulation of droplets containingl molecules (l ⩽ 1000) in a lattice gas shows that the average surface area is proportional tol σ′;σ′≃ 0.6 in two and σ′= 0.825 in three dimensions for small droplets. These exponents agree approximately with those in Kadanoff's modification of Fisher's droplet model near critical points [σ′= (1 + β)/βδ; ourT/T c is 0.4, 0.7, and 0.9]. For larger droplets, these exponents change to 1/2 (d = 2) and 2/3 (d = 3), the transition occurring for droplet diameters larger than the coherence length and smaller than the critical diameter in the nucleation of supersaturated vapors. This latter result rises some doubts on a recent nucleation theory of Eggingtonet al.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 8 (1973), S. 1-24 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Critical slowing down ; dynamic susceptibility ; Heisenberg model ; kinetic equations ; master equation ; mean field approximation ; Monte Carlo ; statistical errors ; stochastic Ising model ; time-dependent correlations ; transition probabilities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract By means of the Monte Carlo sampling technique the equilibrium thermodynamics of fluids and magnets can be calculated numerically. We show that the questions of convergence and accuracy of this method can be understood in terms of the dynamics of the appropriate stochastic model. Also, we discuss to what extent various choices of transition probabilities lead to different dynamic properties of the system. As examples of applications, we consider Ising and Heisenberg spin systems. The numerical results about the dynamic correlation functions are compared to simple approximations taken from the theory of the kinetic Ising model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 3 (1974), S. 515-525 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract To calculate the formation energy of a binary mixture droplet out of the gas phase in classical ‘heteromolecular’ nucleation theory, one has to take into account that the concentration of the solution near the droplet surface can be different from the composition in the droplet interior (‘surface enrichment’, Gibbs adsorption equation). This problem is solved in a simple picture where the composition varies spatially but where one has a sharp liquid-gas surface. In a material independent continuum theory, the variation of the composition is assumed to give a free energy contribution proportional to the square of the concentration gradient. This treatment of the surface enrichment gives a formation energy contribution smaller (for large droplets) by a factor 1 −1/√3 than previous theories (Döring and Neumann, 1940; Stauffer and Kiang, 1974), which therefore overestimated the surface enrichment for large droplets. This continuum theory is tested by Monte Carlo methods on a particularly symmetric mixture, the magnetic spin 1/2 Ising model. Here up-spins are identified with one type of molecule and down spins with another type. Reasonable agreement with the continuum theory is found, even for parameter ranges where the assumptions of the continuum theory are no longer valid. The results show clearly a strong but smooth variation of the concentration within the droplet. They constitute to our knowledge the first computer simulations of mixture microclusters.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 205-208 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A New Instrument for Measuring Creep under Alternating Loading and Temperature Conditions. It is an established fact that plastics are particularly subject to creep, i. e. deformation over a period of time under load. Under practical conditions unchanged load and constant temperature are seldom realized. The deformations associated with changing mechanical loads cannot generally be derived from the results of ordinary creep tests. In order to be able to study creep behaviour of plastics under intermittent load conditions (i. e. a sequence of loading and unloading), a special instrument has been developed at the Austrian Plastics Institute.The period of time as well as the ratio of loading and unloading phase can be programmed within wide ranges. Creep tests at varying temperatures can also be carried out with this instrument.Under intermittent load very significant differentiation of deformation and fracturing behaviour depending on the polymeric structure has been observed. Comparison of results of ordinary creep with those under intermittent loading at constant temperature shows, that in the case of amorphous thermoplastics destruction by stress crazing and fracture is markedly accelerated. On the other hand semicrystalline thermoplastics have excellent resistance against intermittent load.
    Notes: Es ist allgemein bekannt, daß bei Kunststoffen das Kriechen, die zeitliche Zunahme der Deformation unter Last, besonders stark ausgeprägt ist. Der Fall einer kontinuierlich wirkenden Belastung und konstanter Temperatur ist in der Praxis aber häufig nicht gegeben. Die mit wechselnden mechanischen Belastungen verbundenen Deformationen können im allgemeinen nicht aus den Ergebnissen üblicher Kriechversuche abgeleitet werden. Um das Kriechverhalten von Kunststoffen bei intermittierender Belastung (das ist eine Aufeinanderfolge von Belastungs- und Entlastungsschritten) studieren zu können, wurde im Österreichischen Kunststoffinstitut ein spezielles Gerät entwickelt. Die absolute Länge und auch das Verhältnis von Belastungs- zu Entlastungsphase können in weiten Bereichen programmiert werden. Mit dem gleichen Gerät lassen sich auch Kriechversuche bei wechselnden Temperaturen ausführen.Bei intermittierender Beanspruchung wurde eine sehr starke Differenzierung des Verformungs- und Bruchverhaltens in Abhängigkeit von der Struktur des Kunststoffes festgestellt. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit den bei konstanter Belastung erhaltenen zeigt, daß bei amorphen Plastomeren die Zerstörung durch Spannungsrißbildung bzw. Bruch viel früher erfolgt. Dagegen weisen teilkristalline Plastomere eine ganz ausgezeichnete Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen intermittierende Beanspruchung auf.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1974-10-21
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1972-10-16
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1972-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-8914
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-1767
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1974-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0040-6090
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2731
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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