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  • Other Sources  (6)
  • 1970-1974  (6)
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  • 1
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    Solar luminosity variations and the climate of Mars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Attempts to resolve the solar neutrino flux problem have led to suggestions of large scale oscillations in the solar luminosity on a geological time scale. A simple climatological model of Mars indicates that its climate may be much more sensitive to luminosity changes than the earth's because of strong positive feedback mechanisms at work on Mars. Mariner-9 photographs of Mars show an abundance of large sinuous channels that point to an epoch of higher atmospheric pressures and abundant liquid water. Such an epoch could have been the result of large-scale, solar luminosity variations. However, our climatological model suggests that other less controversial mechanisms, such as obliquity or polar albedo changes, also could have led to such an epoch. As more becomes known about Mars, it may prove possible to formulate a history of Martian climate. By discovering effects that cannot be due to other mechanisms one may be able to form a chronology of solar luminosity variations to compare with data from the earth.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Possible Relationships between Solar Activity and Meteorol. Phenomena; p 287-294
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Optical properties of some terrestrial rocks and glasses. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The optical constants of five naturally occurring rocks have been determined in the spectral range between 0.2 and 50 microns. Between 0.2 and 5 microns, the real and imaginary parts of the index of refraction were found from a combination of reflectivity and transmission measurements by using Beer's law and the Fresnel reflectivity equation. At wavelengths beyond 5 microns, only reflectivity measurements could be made and both constants were found from an application of classical dispersion theory.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 19; July 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Climatic change on Mars. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It is pointed out that Mars is the only known planet with a major atmospheric constituent condensable at typical surface temperatures. The temperatures range from 290 K at equatorial noon to a temperature at the cold pole of 145 K in polar winter. There may be three different periods of climatic variation on Mars. Aspects of reversible climatic instability might possibly explain the channels and other features suggestive of the extensive occurrence of liquid water on Mars. An aqueous epoch on Mars would have important biological and other geological implications. Putative Martian organisms which flourish in the aqueous epoch may now be in cryptobiotic repose.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 181; Sept. 14
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Physical properties of the stratospheric aerosols (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A comparison of the equilibrium vapor pressure over nitric acid solutions with observed water and nitric acid partial pressures in the stratosphere implies that nitric acid cannot be present as an aerosol particle in the lower stratosphere. A similar comparison for sulfuric acid solutions indicates that sulfuric acid aerosol particles are 75% H2SO4 by weight in water, in good agreement with direct observations. The freezing curve of H2SO4 solutions requires that the H2SO4 aerosol particles be solid or supercooled. The equilibrium vapor pressure of H2SO4 in the stratosphere is of the order of 20 picotorr. At stratospheric temperatures, ammonium sulfate is in a ferroelectric phase. As a result, polar molecules may form a surface coating on these aerosols, which may be a fertile ground for further chemical reaction.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Oct. 20
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Atmospheric pressure variation and the climate of Mars (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: If Mars has permanent CO2 polar caps, atmospheric heat transport may cause the atmospheric pressure to be extremely sensitive to variations of solar heating at the poles. This could happen because atmospheric heating depends on density, which depends strongly on the polar temperature through the vapor pressure relation. A simple climatological model is used to study the question.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 30; Nov. 197
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  • 6
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    A study of the effect of stratospheric aerosols produced by SST emissions on the albedo and climate of the earth (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Hypothesized fleets of supersonic aircraft, flying at stratospheric altitude, may lead to a significant increase in the aerosol population of the stratosphere. Exact multiple scattering calculations have been carried out to determine the response of the earth's albedo to an increase of the stratospheric aerosol optical depth. It is found that a tripling of the aerosol population in the stratosphere, which represents an extreme upper limit to the effects of SST's, results in a 0.6% increase of the earth's reflectivity and a decrease of the mean surface temperature on the order of 0.3 K. Such changes could be marginally significant.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: International Conference on Structure, Composition and General Circulation of the Upper and Lower Atmospheres and Possible Anthropogenic Perturbations; Jan 14, 1974 - Jan 25, 1974; Melbourne; Australia
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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