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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 527-528 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 1651-1653 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 25 (1974), S. 587-592 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of the structure of zinc alloys on the protective capacity of zinc anodes in sea waterThe use of zinc for cathodic protection duties in sea water is restricted because of the considerable polarisation of zinc. The behaviour is due in particular to cathodically active additions of lead, copper and iron. The microcouples then formed give rise to considerable zinc dissolution and to the formation of a thick and dense passivation layer. Since, however, any reduction of the iron content in zinc involves high cost it is more economical to add small quantities of Al, Cd, Si, Hg, Sn or Mn. These additions produce a considerable grain refinement and thus reduce the tendency to form microcouples even in the presence of iron.
    Notes: Die Verwendbarkeit von Zink füf den kathodischen Schutz in Meerwasser ist wegen der beträchtlichen Polarisation des Zinks begrenzt. Die Ursache liegt vor allem bei den kathodisch wirkenden Beimengungen von Blei, Kupfer und Eisen. Die dann entstehenden Mikroelemente führen zu einer beträchtlichen Auflösung des Zinks und zur Bildung einer dicken und dichten Passivierungsschicht. Die Verringerung des Eisengehalts im Zink ist jedoch mit hohen Kosten verbunden, weshalb es wirtschaftlicher ist, das Zink mit geringen Mengen von Al, Cd, Si, Hg, Sn oder Mn zu legieren. Hierdurch wird das Gefüge wesentlich feinkörniger und die Tendenz zur Bildung der Mikroelemente wird auch bei Anwesenheit von Eisen verringert.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 172 (1973), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The second osmotic virial coefficient A2 and its entropic and enthalpic parts of athermal and exothermal solutions of polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were determined by light scattering measurements at 25°C and normal pressure. The intrinsic viscosity dependence on temperature was used to find athermal and exothermal solvents for these polymers. The investigated thermodynamical quantities A2, A2,S and A2,H yield together with earlier measurements a correlation which is nearly independent of the special system.
    Notes: Durch Lichtstreuungsmessungen wurde der Entropieanteil und der Enthalpieanteil des 2. osmotischen Virialkoeffizienten (A2) von athermischen und exothermischen Lösungen von Polystyrol (PS) und Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA) bei 25°C und Normaldruck bestimmt. Zur Auffindung von athermischen und exothermischen Lösungsmitteln für diese Polymeren wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit des STAUDINGERindex verwendet. Die ermittelten thermodynamischen Größen A2, A2,S und A2,H ergeben zusammen mit früheren Messungen eine beziehung, die nahezu unabhängig vom speziellen System ist.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 13 (1974), S. 193-205 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Systematic experimental data for the dependence of melting range width ΔT for phage T2 and calf thymus DNA's on sodium ion concentration was obtained. A mathematical description of helix-coil transition was given for the case of DNA with a block sequence of nucleotides (such as calf thymus DNA). This description predicts an almost linear dependence of ΔT for DNA from higher organisms on the value TGC-TAT. On the other hand, ΔT is proportional to (TGC-TAT)1.6 for DNA's with quasi-random sequences (such as phage T2 DNA). Experimental data fully confirmed the theoretical predictions.The dependence of TGC-TAT on sodium ion concentration was determined. The most striking feature of this dependence is the sharp rise in TGC-TAT in the region of low sodium ion concentration (〈 3 × 10-3) up to 100°C. The dependence of TGC and of TAT on ionic strength was calculated separately. In the region of low ionic strength, these quantities show markedly different behavior.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 4 (1970), S. 145-187 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The influences of the conditioning treatments, surface topography, and crystal structure of carbonaceous surfaces on their ability to sorb heparin and their in vivo compatibility with blood were investigated. The results of the sorption studies indicated that the adsorption of heparin on the surfaces of turbostratic and graphitic materials is not crystallographically selective and that the amount adsorbed on relatively smooth surfaces is near the amount expected for monolayer formation. Although the adsorption of heparin on relatively smooth carbon surfaces is not influenced by the presence of benzalkonium chloride, the sorption of heparin in porous carbons can be greatly increased by a pretreatment with benzalkonium chloride. This increase was found to be due to the formation and entrapment of the insoluble heparin-benzalkonium complex in the accessible porosity. Since the heparin sorptions in Dag-154 coatings were found to be enhanced by a pretreatment with benzalkonium chloride, it was inferred that these coatings contain accessible porosity and that their initial thromboresistance depends on the formation of the benzalkonium-heparin complex in pores. In vivo tests showed that polished and outgassed, impermeable isotropic carbons deposited at low temperatures were significantly thromboresistant without the exogenous application of heparin. There was no relationship between the amount of heparin sorbed on these materials and their compatibility with blood. Polishing, for example, which reduced heparin sorption, enhanced the thromboresistance of these carbons, and while chemisorption of oxygen markedly reduced their thromboresistance, it did not influence the amount of heparin that could be sorbed. Although the heparin-benzalkonium complex sorbed in a porous carbon conferred excellent thromoboresistance in a 2-hr test, the long-tern (14-day) compatibility was not as good as for carbon surfaces that were deposited at low temperatures and then polished and outgassed prior to implanting. In vivo tests of HTI carbon structures and annealed LTI carbons indicate that the blood compatibility of a turbostratic carbon is not significantly dependent on crystallite size, Le. Limited tests of surfaces that had a preponderance of c-faces oriented parallel to the blood-carbon interface at the surface suggest that orientations of this sort are better than others.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 5 (1971), S. 105-127 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Flexible and rigid epoxy and urethane polymers containing heparin chemically and uniformly incorporated throughout and/or ionically complexed to quaternized amine grops were prepared and shown to have excellent thromboresistance in vitro and in vivo. These heparin-modified polymers were implanted into the vena cava of dogs and successfully passed multiple acute (2 hr) and chronic (2 week) exposure periods. It was also demonstrated that the chemically coupled heparinized epoxies had no measurable adverse effects on blood cells, platelets, or plasma proteins, and that the heparin was not extractable. Significantly, epoxies containing polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene glycol (an additive which had no thrombus-inhibiting properties of its own) also exhibited excellent thromboresistance when characterized in vivo in dogs. The applicability of these various materials for the fabrication of circulatory assist device components was demonstrated. The effect of polymer polarity, surface charge, and conductivity were investigated with indeterminate results and unmodified commercial polymers uniformly exhibited poor clotting characteristics. In vitro clot-inhibiting characteristics were shown to be a sufficient, but not necessary, condition for indicating in vivo thromboresistant activity in polymer systems.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 6 (1972), S. 545-551 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study was undertaken to evaluate the comparative reaction of oral mucous membrances to topical exposure to selected liquid dental materials. Elven adult mongrel dogs and five different liquid dental materials (50% citric acid, mercury, 50% phosphoric acid, eugenol and methyl methacrylate) were selected for this study. Each material was applied bilaterally to a specific area of the ventral surface of the tongue for 5 min. Sites were examined at 30 min and visual observations recorded. Animals were sacrificed 24 hr after application. hematoxylin and eosin stained microsections were examined without knowledge of the material used. Citric acid and phosphoric acid were associated with the most severe response, characterized clinically by surface necrosis and histologically by a dense, diffuse, neutrophilic infiltrate. Eugenol was associated with erythema, and in some cases, ulcers, with a moderate diffuse inflammatory infiltrate, histologically. Methyl methacrylate resulted in immediate surface dehydration followed by mild erythema with mild local inflammatory infiltration. Mercury produced no observable clinical or microscopic tissue response. This is a simple method for evaluating acute mucous membrane toxicity which may be used for screening liquid dental materials.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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