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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • SAXS
  • 1970-1974  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2015-2024 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Bismaleimides polymerize at elevated temperatures, forming highly crosslinked, high temperature-resistant polymers. From the decrease of the ν(H—C=) band at 3100 cm-1, rate constants and activation energies of the polymerization of four homologous aliphatic bismaleimides were determined. Up to a 20-30% conversion, the polymerization is pseudofirst order. An almost linear correlation between the activation energy and the number of methylene groups in the sequence between the maleimide residues was found.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyisobutene, polystyrene, polypropene, poly(styrene peroxide), and polyvinyl chloride were pyrolyzed in a mass-spectrometer with a combined field-ion and electron-impact ion source. From the composition of the primary fragments, conclusions can be drawn on decomposition mechanisms which were not yet known or give more details to the known ones. Polyisobutene and polystyrene decompose by fractures of the main chain and simultaneous retropolymerization of the fragments. The numerous primary fragments of polypropene can be explained by the simultaneous occurrence of statistical main chain fractures, back-biting and retropolymerization. In the case of poly(styrene peroxide), thermolysis causes splitting of the O - O bonds; the fragments are stabilized by secondary reactions. Ageing, studied with this polymer as an example, leads to deviations in the decomposition mechanism, and can be observed at a stage where infrared investigation does not reveal any change. - In the case of PVC, it was shown that numerous heavier fragments, mainly aromatic and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, are “primary” fragments.
    Notes: Als Beispiele für verschiedene Abbaumechanismen wurden Polyisobuten, Polystyrol, Polypropen, Polystyrolperoxid und Polyvinylchlorid in einem Massenspektrometer mit kombinierter Feld- und Elektronenstoßionenquelle pyrolysiert. Aus der Zusammensetzung der Primärfragmente lassen sich Abbaumechanismen herleiten, die teilweise noch nicht bekannt waren oder über die bekannten hinausgehen. Der Abbau von Polyisobuten und Polystyrol geschieht durch statistische Kettenbrüche und Retropolymerisation. Die mannigfaltigen Primärfragmente des Polypropens lassen sich durch statistische Kettenbrüche, «back-biting» und Retropolymerisation erklären. Die thermische Spaltung des Polystyrolperoxids geschieht jeweils zwischen zwei Sauerstoffatomen; die Fragmente stabilisieren sich durch Sekundärreaktionen. Alterungsvorgänge, an diesem Beispiel studiert, lassen sich massenspektrometrisch nachweisen, bevor sie IR-spektrometrisch manifest werden. Beim PVC wurde gezeigt, daß zahlreiche schwerere Bruchstücke, überwiegend Aromaten und Alkylaromaten, als «Primär»-Fragmente anzusehen sind.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: A mass spectrometer with a combined electron impact-field ion source (CH 4 Varian MAT) was modified for the investigation of macromolecular systems. A cyclindric bar with a pyrolyzer at its top can be pushed into the high-temperature inlet system; the maximum pyrolysis temperature is 1200°C. Emission anodes for the field-ion source with a special geometry provided an improved resolution, higher mechanical resistivity of the emission wire, and a higher yield. Finally, the change of the surface structure of the wires under different conditions was followed by electron microscopy.
    Notes: Ein Massenspektrometer (CH 4 Varian MAT) mit einer kombinierten Elektronenstoß-Feldionisationsquelle wurde für die Untersuchung makromolekularer Systeme modifiziert. Eine in diesem Institut entwickelte Pyrolyseschubstange ermöglichte Pyrolysetemperaturen von maximal 1200°C. Bei der eigenen Herstellung von Emissionsanoden mit günstigeren geometrischen Verhältnissen für die Feldionenquelle wurden besseres Trennvermögen und erhöhte Empfindlichkeit des Massenspektrometers sowie größere Festigkeit des Emitterdrahtes erzielt. Außerdem wurde die Veränderung der Emitteroberfläche durch elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen aufgeklärt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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