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  • GEOPHYSICS  (8)
  • Humans
  • Models, Molecular
  • Nuclear Structure
  • 1970-1974  (8)
  • 1
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    The origin of intermediate and deep focus earthquakes (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: An elastic plate model is used to describe the origin of intermediate and deep earthquakes. It is shown that the earth is covered by about eight tectonic plates that have relative motions; along plate boundary lines, one plate thrusting under the other, causes deflection and buckling of the elastic plate structure in regions of maximum curvature that may trigger earthquakes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 220-223
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Deformation and instability of underthrusting lithospheric plates (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    On the breakup of tectonic plates by polar wandering (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The equations for the stresses in a homogeneous shell of uniform thickness caused by a shift of the axis of rotation are derived. The magnitude of these stresses reaches a maximum value of the order of 10 to the 9th power dyn/sq cm, which is sufficient for explaining a tectonic breakup. In order to deduce the fracture pattern according to which the breakup of tectonic plates can be expected the theory of plastic deformation of shells is applied. The analysis of this pattern gives an explanation of the existing boundary systems of the major tectonic plates as described by Morgan (1968), LePichon (1968) and Isacks et al. (1968).
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; June 10
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    A shock-induced phase change in orthoclase. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: New shock compression data to 340 kb for single-crystal orthoclase (along (001)), demonstrate the onset of a shock-induced phase change at about 115 kb. Along the Hugoniot a mixed-phase region extends to about 300 kb, above which the data are believed to correspond to the properties of a high-pressure phase having the hollandite structure (zero pressure density of 3.84 g/cu cm) reported by Ringwood et al. If the hollandite value for the zero pressure density is used, the zero pressure bulk modulus of this phase is approximately 1.8 plus or minus 0.2 Mb.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Mar. 10
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Gravity tectonics and seismic gaps in the mantle (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The concept of gravity tectonics is applied to reveal the major clue as to the conditions which result in the correspondence of seismic and tectonic gaps in the mantle. An asymptotic theory is developed for the calculation of the thrust and moment when a descending lithospheric plate encounters resistance to its downward motion in the mesosphere. Dynamic analysis falls into two parts: (1) deriving equations for forces in the descending lithosphere, (2) deducing moment distribution which causes the detachment of lithosphere. For the analysis of forces a mathematical theory of shells is given. In order to determine the detachment mechanism, solutions of equations are obtained by asymptotic integration. It is found that a thrust N sub phi coupled with a moment M sub phi due to gravitational forces generated by density contrast may play a key role in the initial detachment of a piece of descending lithosphere. The results are in agreement with the observed seismic gaps beneath South America, Toga-Fiji, New Zealand and New Hebrides regions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70856 , X-921-74-184
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Plate motion and the secular shift of the mean pole (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The global plate motion indicates that changes in the products of inertia of the earth due to tectonic plate movement may provide a secular shift of the mean pole. A mathematical procedure for calculating this shift based on the plate theory is presented. Explicit expressions were obtained for the dependence of the secular polar shift on the dimensions and locations of the plate boundaries. Numerical results show that the secular motion of the mean pole is 0.0002 sec/year in the direction of 67 W. Hence, it is deduced that the influence of the plate motion on the secular polar shift may account for 10% of the observed value.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-66272 , X-592-73-162
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  • 7
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    On the breakup of tectonic plates by polar wandering (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The observed boundary system of the major tectonic plates on the surface of the earth lends fresh support to the hypothesis of polar wandering. A dynamic model of the outer shell of the earth under the influence of polar shift is developed. The analysis falls into two parts: (1) deriving equations for stresses caused by polar shifting; and (2) deducing the pattern according to which the fracture of the shell can be expected. For stress analysis, the theory of plates and shells is the dominant feature of this model. In order to determine the fracture pattern, the existence of a mathematical theorem of plasticity is recalled: it says that the plastic flow begins to occur when a function in terms of the differences of the three principal stresses surpasses a certain critical value. By introducing the figures for the geophysical constants, this model generates stresses which could produce an initial break in the lithosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70549 , X-592-73-207
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  • 8
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    Deformation and instability of underthrusting lithospheric plates (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Models of the underthrusting lithosphere are constructed for the calculation of displacement and deflection. First, a mathematical theory is developed that rigorously demonstrates the elastic instability in the decending lithosphere. The theory states that lithospheric thrust beneath island arcs becomes unstable and suffers deflection as the compression increases. Thus, in the neighborhood of the edges where the lithospheric plate plunges into the asthenosphere and mesosphere its shape will be contorted. Next, the lateral displacement is calculated, and it is shown that, before contortion, the plate will thicken and contract at different positions with the variation in thickness following a parabolic profile. Finally, the depth distribution of the intermediate and deep focus earthquakes is explained in terms of plate buckling and contortion.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-66028 , X-553-72-273 , Intern. Union of Geophys. and Geodesy; Aug 24, 1972 - Aug 31, 1972; Banff; Canada
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