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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 1 (1972), S. 409-464 
    ISSN: 0084-6589
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 9 (1971), S. 124-130 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: It is now nearly five years since Buganda rebelled against the Government of Uganda, and the Kabaka, Sir Edward Mutesa, fled to Britain. Relatively little has been written about these events, perhaps because they happened so rapidly and were dealt with so determinedly that not much precise information is available. In rural Buganda, in such places as Bugerere where I was engaged in fieldwork, party political activity reached a crescendo in the months before the May 1966 crisis and was then abruptly extinguished. Ever since, things have been ostensibly very quiet – indeed the districts of the disbanded Kingdom have remained under a declared state of emergency. During the heyday of politics I was impressed by a clear distinction in the focus of party activity; in the commercial townships on the main road through Bugerere its intensity was immediately obvious, whereas in the farming villages which spread over the fertile, rolling land of the county it was scarcely in evidence. What was the reason for this discrimination? The answer, I was sure, had not a little to do with the unusual economic and demographic circumstances of Bugerere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Methods are described for measuring the ATP pool in batch cultures of bacteria and of computing the rate of ATP synthesis from the rates of oxygen consumption and substrate utilisation. 2. The ATP pool of Escherichia coli (ML 308) growing aerobically at the expense of a variety of single carbon sources falls within the range 4.5–7.5 μmoles/g dry wt of cells. On any given compound the pool is constant during logarithmic growth. There is no simple relationship between growth rate and the size of the ATP pool. 3. The rate of synthesis of ATP is also constant during logarithmic growth and falls within the range 1.7–2.4 mmoles/g dry wt/min, assuming a P/2e ratio of 3. 4. During logarithmic growth the rate of turnover of the ATP pool falls within the range 250–450 times min-1. 5. Alterations in rate of growth and ATP synthesis occur simultaneously. These changes can be large and rapid (e.g. on exhaustion of a limiting nutrient) but are not reflected in the rate of change of the ATP pool which is much slower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 96 (1974), S. 21-35 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. The synthesis of β-galactosidase in a constitutive mutant ofEscherichia coli (ML 308, i-z+y+a+) responds to the nutritional environment. Repression can be reversed by cyclic AMP. 2. The greatest degree (%) of repression by metabolisable compounds is obtained when cells utilising glycerol (0%) are given, in addition, pyruvate (67%), serine (57%) which can be converted to pyruvate, or substrates of phosphotransferase systems (20–40%) which liberate pyruvate in their operation. Furthermore, pyruvate represses β-galactosidase synthesis in a phosphoenolpyruvate synthaseless mutant. Pyruvate, however, does not repress in a pyruvate dehydrogenaseless mutant and it follows that pyruvate itself is not the agent of repression. 3. Raffinose, a non-metabolisable galactoside, represses synthesis of β-galactosidase during growth on glycerol. Over a wide range, repression depends on raffinose concentration as does a lowered pool of ATP, rate of oxygen consumption and growth rate. All these parameters are inter-related but, in particular, β-galactosidase synthesis depends on the size of the ATP-pool presumably because this also limits synthesis of cyclic AMP under these conditions.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 112 (1973), S. 309-321 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The incorporation pattern of [14C] amino-acid into protein during the first 8 h of germination in isolated barley embryos (Hordeum vulgare) is described. Two maxima were recognised. The first, at 4 h, was entirely accounted for by scutellum activity and the second, at 8 h, coincided with active radicle elongation. An intervening minimum was situated at 5.5 h. The first peak was insensitive to actinomycin-D but the second showed a partial inhibition by this compound. Only slight changes in enzyme activity were associated with these periods of increased synthesis. Incorporation of [17-14C] kaurenoic acid into compounds co-chromatographing with gibberellins was followed over the same period in both embryos and scutella and high activity was found after only 2–4 h. It is concluded that, on the basis of protein synthetic activity, the scutellum is the most probable source of the initial gibberellin stimulus.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 251 (1973), S. 241-250 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Technik des Ultrazentrifugierens (1) wurde benutzt für eine Untersuchung des Einflusses von pH, emulgierenden Bestandteilen und Elektrolytgehalt auf die Minimumdrucke, die für eine Vereinigung von Styrol-Butadien-(60∶40) Latex, das mit stearinsaurer Seife stabilisiert ist, benötigt werden. Die Methode gibt ein Maß der Kraft, die einer Vereinigung von Latexteilchen entgegenwirkt, und diese Kraft ist quantitativ auf die primären Maxima in den Kurven Von Kraft gegen den Abstand der Teilchen bezogen entsprechend der DLVO-Theorie. Die Untersuchung läßt vermuten, daß die Stabilität dieses LatexSystems durch die abstoßende elektrostatische Kraft beherrscht wird. Sie wird durch Faktoren kontrolliert, die diese Kraft beeinflussen, insbesondere die Bedekkung der Teilchenoberfläche mit Ionen, die das Potential bestimmen, und die Dicke der Doppelschicht, die durch die Konzentration einwertiger Elektrolyte modifiziert wird.
    Notes: Summary The ultracentrifugation technique (1), was used to study the effect of pH and of emulsifier and electrolyte contents on the minimum pressures required to coalesce styrene-butadiene (60∶40) latex stabilized with stearate soap. The method provides a measure of the force opposing coalescence of the latex particles which correlates qualitatively with the primary maxima in the force-interparticle distance curves calculated according to DLVO theory. The study suggests that stability of this latex system is dominated by the electrostatic repulsive force and is controlled by factors influencing this force, specifically coverage of the particle surface with potential determining ions and the thickness of the double layer, as modified by the concentration of univalent electrolytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 41 (1974), S. 509-519 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a glasshouse experiment, single plants of ten-weeks old white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were subjected to two levels of shading and two levels of defoliation. Nodulation and nitrogen fixation parameters were measured at six sequential harvest over four weeks. Changes in nodule number and hence nodule dry weight per plant were due to nodule decay, sloughing off and non-production and were closely related to losses in root dry weight. Severe defoliation caused degradation of leghaemoglobin, an effect which was seen in less than three days from treatment. It led also to a temporary but marked decrease in the nitrogen fixation capacity of the nodules as measured by the acetylene reduction assay. Recovery of normal activity by the nitrogenase system took about ten days. The effects of shading and defoliation on the pattern of nodulation have been described briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 252 (1974), S. 920-927 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wechselwirkungen zwischen suspendierter mikrokristalliner Zellulose (Avicel) und Polyäthylenimin (PÄI) von verschiedenem Molekulargewicht wurden durch Beobachtungen der Sedimentation, der Elektrophorese und der Adsorption untersucht. Die Ergebnisse waren verträglich mit der Vorstellung, daß beides: Brückenbildung und elektrische Stabilisierung eine Rolle für die Aggregation und Sedimentation mikrokristalliner Cellulosepartikel in Gegenwart von Elektrolyten spielt. Die Hinzufügung von niedrigmolekularem PÄI beeinflußt die elektrischen Eigenschaften der Suspension in gleicher Weise wie einfache Elektrolyte. Das Zeta-Potential wird reduziert, was zu einer totalen Koagulation mit einer klaren überstehenden Flüssigkeit bei einer kritischen Menge an Zusatz führt. Mit weiterem Zusatz dreht sich das Potential um, geht durch ein Maximum und wird dann Null. Das Sedimentvolumen ist konstant über einen weiten Bereich der polymeren Zusätze. Keine Wiederstabilisierung wird beobachtet. Ein anfänglicher Zusatz von höhermolekularem PÄI führt Brückenbindungen ein, die Flokkulation auslösen, mehr oder weniger unabhängig von den elektrokinetischen Eigenschaften der Partikel. Eine Wiederstabilisierung wird bei höheren Polymerzusätzen beobachtet. Flocken, die durch hohe Scherungen wieder dispergiert sind, zeigen jedoch Eigenschaften, ähnlich denen von Suspensionen, welche mit niedermolekularen Polymeren behandelt wurden.
    Notes: Summary Interactions between suspended microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) and polyethylenimine (PEI) with various molecular weights were examined by observing sedimentation, electrophoresis and adsorption. The experimental results are consistent with the view that both bridging and electrical stabilization play roles in the aggregation and sedimentation of microcrystalline cellulose particles in the presence of polyelectrolytes. The addition of low MW PEI affects the electrical properties of the suspension in a manner similar to simple electrolytes. The zeta potential is reduced resulting in a total coagulation with a clear supernatant at a critical level of addition. With further additions the potential is reversed, goes through a maximum and then becomes zero. The sediment volume is constant over a wide range of polymer additions. No restabilization is observed. The initial addition of higher MW PEI introduces bridging which is effective in producing flocculation that is more or less independent of the electrokinetic properties of the particles. A restabilization is observed at higher additions of polymer. Flocs, redispersed by high shear, however, show properties similar to the suspensions that were treated with low MW polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 3143-3156 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The water absorbency of a bleached softwood kraft pulp, as measured by its water retention value (WRV), was increased up to 30 times by graft polymerizing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and subsequently hydrolyzing it to sodium polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer. WRV was found to be related to the initial PAN graft level rather than to the final sodium polyacrylate content, and was independent of the grafting process used. However, the ceric ion process was found superior to both the cellulose xanthate-H2O2 and ferrous ion-H2O2 redox systems in that it occasioned only a minor loss during the hydrolysis stage and the WRV was less affected by drying. The WRV remained constant as pH was lowered from 9 to 5 but dropped to the level of unmodified pulp at pH 3.5 where the sodium salt is fully converted to poly(acrylic acid). Retention of 1% aqueous NaCl was about 60% of the WRV. The swelling properties of the grafted fibers under various conditions appear to be explained by considering the grafting to act in two ways: (a) the introduction of a potentially hydrophilic component capable of generating swelling pressures and (b) the reduction in the cohesion of the fiber by the interposition of graft polymer chains in the fiber structure.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 2581-2593 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The adsorption of poly(vinyl acetate) from benzene solution onto cellulosic materials having various porous structures was measured in an attempt to investigate the role of the pore size distribution in the sorption process. The variety of cellulose porous structures was obtained by combinations of different swelling agents - water, ethylenediamine, sodium hydroxide solution - with different subsequent drying treatments. The pore structure analysis was based on benzene desorption isotherms. The porosity of cellulose is responsible for selective adsorption of the smaller macromolecules from an unfractionated polymer solution. The amount of sorbed polymer increases when the polymer solution contains a greater fraction of lower molecular weight polymer. Only the pores above a certain size are accessible to the polymer. The amount of polymer sorbed is proportional to the area of such pores but is otherwise independent of the effects produced by swelling pretreatments.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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