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  • Articles  (97)
  • Chemical Engineering  (97)
  • 1970-1974  (97)
  • Physics  (97)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breaking energies of a nylon series subjected to high-speed transverse impactThe material in this paper was presented at the Eighth Annual PIA Research Conference at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J. on 5 November 1970. (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In a study of the transient behavior of a series of nylon 6/6 yarns differing systematically in mechanical properties, the effects of high-speed, transverse missile impact upon yarn specimens were observed by high-speed photography. The loss in missile kinetic energy was determined directly from the reduction in missile velocity and was studied as a function of yarn tenacity and missile impact velocity. The shape of the missile energy loss curves was due to the partition of missile energy into yarn kinetic energy and yarn strain energy. The missile energy losses and yarn dynamic breaking strains were compared to static breaking energies and breaking strains for these yarns. The observed trends are discussed in terms of the differing yarn tenacities and test rates.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of oxidation stability of polyolefins by thermal analysis (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 415-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is well known for measuring temperatures and heats of physical and chemical transitions in materials. Recent development work on improved stabilization systems for polyolefin wire insulations has required fast procedures for measuring the performance of stabilization systems. Isothermal DTA procedures have been developed into routine tools for measuring stability of polyolefins by determining the oxidative induction time at elevated temperatures.Oxidative induction time has been used to study the stability of polyethylene and polypropylene in raw material form and on wire. The dependence on temperature and antioxidant concentration have been measured. Effects of oxidation catalysts, catalyst deactivators and various environmental exposures are readily observed. Techniques and apparatus have been developed for simultaneous testing of a multiplicity of samples, providing for economical large scale use of the method.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130604
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermomechanical studies of polymer deformation II. A thermodynamic analysis of a viscoelastic material in sinusoidal deformation (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 320-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this study, a linearly viscoelastic polyurethane film was subjected to continuous, sinusoidal deformation in a new isothermal deformation calorimeter, whose design details were recently reported (1). Internal energy and entropy of the polymer at each state in the deformation cycle were computed from heat rate and work rate data. This was made possible by using linear viscoelasticity theory to predict the irreversible entropy production. Thermal data were corrected for instrument time lag.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100603
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent crazing of polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 390-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The minimum surface strain required to induce crazing in polymethylmethacrylate and polystyrene in the presence of alcohols and n-heptane has been determined at various temperatures by bending strips of the polymers around formers of varying curvature and immersing them in the liquid reagents. For each polymer/liquid system the long-term crazing strain was independent of test temperature except within a single 30°C interval in which it decreased as the test temperature was raised. It was found that this temperature region corresponded to the glass-rubber transition of the given polymer when, after extended periods of immersion it had achieved equilibrium liquid sorption. This suggested that, in the crazing tests, a condition approximating to equilibrium sorption was being established at the craze tip and that crazing occurred on applying small strains in the presence of the liquids because of their plasticising effect.It was found that not only the plasticizing effect of the liquid environment but also the liquid molecule size influenced the crazing strain; the larger-molecule liquids caused lower long-term crazing strains than did the smaller-molecule liquids.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130511
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azide photoresists for projection photolithography (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 491-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The spectral sensitivity of bisazide sensitized rubbers has been extended to 5000Å by the addition of p-azidocinnamylidene derivatives of cyclohexanone. The photoresists were suitable for projection exposure at 4050 and 4350 Hg lines. The photospeed of the compositions is enhanced by increasing the unsaturation of the polymer component. Speed increase could also be obtained by exposure of the films at elevated temperatures.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140705
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow behavior of concentrated solutions of an SBS block copolymer (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 70-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The non-Newtonian viscosity of concentrated solutions of a styrene-butadiene-styrene, SBS, block copolymer was measured with a novel capillary viscometer. Polymer concentrations ranged from 0.165 to 0.306 g/cc. Apparent shear rates ranged from 1 to 105 sec-1. Five different solvents were employed. All of the flow curves can be reduced to a single master curve with the same shape exhibited by monodisperse polystyrenes and the Graessley theory. The shift factor for the shear rate axis, τ0, approximately parallels the Rouse relaxation time, τR, but shows a residual concentration and solvent dependence not predicted by the Rouse form. For different solvents at the same concentration, better solvents show a minimum relative zero shear viscosity, η0/ηs, and a maximum ratio τR/τ0. It is concluded that all solvent effects are not adequately incorporated into the zero shear viscosity for the purposes of constructing master plots; however, the shape of the master plot is not affected by the solvent or the polymer block structure.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep drawability of biaxially rolled thermoplastic sheets (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 150-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The deep drawability of biaxially cold-rolled thermoplastic sheets has been studied using polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers. Each polymer was rolled to two different reductions in thickness. The deep drawability of these rolled sheets was measured by determining the limiting draw ratio using a Swift cup test. Strain ratios were measured in three directions for each of the rolled sheets in order to determine the normal and planar anisotropy of the sheets. It has been determined that the drawability of a sheet can be correlated with the normal anisotropy of the sheet and it is the increase in normal anisotropy of a sheet which increases the drawability of the sheet. It has also been shown that lubrication increases the drawability due to a reduction in punch force.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120212
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflectivity of iridescent coextruded multilayered plastic films (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 216-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Coextruded plastic films containing 231 alternating layers of polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate have been made with individual layer thickness in the range of .06-0.1μ. Due to the difference in refractive indices these unique films can be made to reflect portions of the visible spectrum, yielding a highly iridescent appearance.Reflectivity measured on films of known layer thickness distribution correlated with values predicted from optical theory.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensile crazing and shear banding of styrene A: Temperature and rate effects (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 282-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tensile yield, flow, and fracture mechanisms in styrene A (SA), a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer rubber-modified styrene A (RMSA) have been studied and characterized into two basic types: tensile crazing and shear banding. Each can be represented by a master curve and equation over ranges of temperature and deformation rates. Each exhibits distinctive activation energy and volume values. Tensile crazing predominates in unoriented SA below 70°C, and in RMSA. Shear yielding predominates in oriented SA.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140407
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure generation mechanisms in the feed section of screw extruders (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 589-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The generation of pressure in the feed section of an extruder is analyzed. It is concluded that body forces must be considered since they provide the necessary conditions for pressure initiation. Solutions are given which take into account gravity forces in both vertical and horizontal screws together with centrifugal force. Some numerical results are also given which illustrate the practical importance of these effects.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140809
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