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  • 1
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. The scallopPecten maximus (L.) can be conditioned in the laboratory to produce ripe gametes at times other than its normal spawning seasons. 2. The spawning stimulus consists of taking the scallop out of water for a period of approximately 2 h. Spawning occurs within 2 to 4 h of re-immersion in water. 3. More larvae and a higher proportion of normal larvae are produced by eggs incubated at low density levels. 4. The higher sperm concentrations produce fewer larvae and higher percentages of abnormal larvae than the lower concentrations. 5. Eggs incubated at 7 per cm2 bottom area produce very few abnormal larvae but large numbers of normal larvae can be produced more efficiently by incubating at a density level of 700 eggs per cm2 although a higher percentage of abnormal larvae must be tolerated.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Die KammuschelPecten maximus (L.) erzeugt bei 15° C nahezu während des ganzen Jahres reife Keimzellen. Der Reifeprozeß der Geschlechtszellen kann durch Erniedrigung der Temperatur auf 7° bis 8° C arretiert werden. Der Laichvorgang läßt sich dadurch auslösen, indem Kammmuscheln 2 Stunden lang aus dem Wasser entnommen werden. Danach, innerhalb von 2 bis 4 Stunden nach Rückführung in Meerwasser, werden die Keimzellen entleert. Die Spermatozoen, die gewöhnlich zuerst abgegeben werden, müssen entfernt werden, bevor die Eier erscheinen. Bei der Eiablage werden im allgemeinen auch einige Spermatozoen entlassen, so daß es auch zu Selbstbefruchtung kommt. Das prozentuale Verhältnis von Samen- zu Eizellen ist entscheidend für den Anteil abnorm gebildeter Larven, die aus den befruchteten Eiern hervorgehen können. Je mehr Spermatozoen den Eiern zugegeben werden, um so geringer ist der Prozentsatz der entstehenden Larven und desto höher ist der Anteil fehlgebildeter Larven. Die für die Erzeugung abnormer Larven verantwortlichen Faktoren sind nicht bekannt. Da Polyspermie nachgewiesen wurde, ist ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang zu der Verringerung der Larvenzahlen bzw. der Entstehung abnormer Larven nicht auszuschließen. Die Anzahl der Eier pro Volumeneinheit Meerwasser beeinflußt ebenfalls den Prozentsatz sich entwickelnder normaler Larven. Bei geringen Eizahlen entstehen nur wenige abnorm gestaltete Larven. In der Praxis lassen sich die besten Zuchtergebnisse bei einer Konzentration von 700 Eiern pro cm2 Bodenfläche erzielen, wobei eine große Zahl von Larven erzeugt wird, zugleich jedoch ein relativ hoher Prozentsatz Fehlentwicklungen in Kauf genommen werden muß.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of theoretical physics 4 (1971), S. 321-325 
    ISSN: 1572-9575
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A discussion is given of certain electromagnetic fields associated with charges moving with zero acceleration. These fields involve zero magnetic field and the creation of charge.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 110 (1973), S. 2012-2021 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The concept of the strain ellipsoid is applied to indicate a possible regular shear pattern of earthquake distribution over the Earth's surface. A simple model of the Earth is assumed in the form of a rotating sphere with a plastic interior and a thin, fragile, crust. On this basis rotation of the Earth generates an internal radial pressure at the equator equivalent to 1/300g causing a proportionate distortion of the spherical shell. The system is in dynamic equilibrium with an increase in gravity at the equator. The ellipsoid representing the distortion, has orthogonal principal axes corresponding to the principal strains while radial directions at 54°44′ $$(\tan ^{ - 1} \sqrt 2 )$$ from the poles are unchanged in length and are thus possible axes of shear generating the same distortion. The Alpide region of earthquakes extending from Lisbon to Tokyo and restriction of earthquakes mainly to the broad band between latitudes 55°N or S are in support of the proposed view. Four unique sets of orthogonal shear systems have been identified which form a regular pattern with a definite symmetry with respect to the plane of the ecliptic. This suggests that the hoop stress at the Equator associated with Earth rotation may be triggered off by tidal forces and that earthquake prediction may well be possible. Other implications of this new approach are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 10 (1971), S. 87-93 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pecten maximus (L.), when stimulated by contact with various sea-star species, displays several fairly distinct types of responses. These range from valve closure, through ‘jumping’ to the well-known swimming escape reaction. These responses are described in detail. The most violent responses are evoked by contact with the predatory sea starsAsterias rubens,Astropecten irregularis, andMarthasterias glacialis, whereas non-predatory sea stars may evoke minor reactions or none at all. It is suggested that, in this instance, the adaptive value of the various types of responses lies not only in enabling the scallop to escape from predators, but also in preventing needless and even hazardous movement away from the refuge of its prepared depression in the substratum when confronted by the less harmful species of sea stars. Crude chemical extracts of all sea stars always evoked escape reactions, but only those ofAsterias rubens andAstropecten irregularis caused the full swimming response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 15 (1972), S. 350-355 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Development of the scallop Pecten maximus (L.) from egg to metamorphosis takes 33 to 38 days at 16°C. The shelled veliger first appears 2 days after fertilisation, and crawling pediveligers at around 2 days before metamorphosis. The pediveliger can attach temporarily to filamentous objects by means of a byssus thread and, even after metamorphosis, periods of attachment alternate with periods of crawling. The larvae are reared in polythene bins containing 30 l of full salinity sea water (pre-filtered through 0.2μ filters), which is changed every 2 days. Mixtures of algal foods (Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Pyramimonas obovata and Tetraselmis suecica), concentrated by centrifugation, are added at each change from the third day onwards to give a concentration of 50 cells/μl. Larval density is maintained below 10/ml. Antibiotics are added at each change, but very careful sterilisation of all equipment is necessary to guard against the introduction of diseases.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 41 (1974), S. 661-667 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Carex coriacea was grown under high light intensity in sterilized silt loam (Olsen P 5.9 μg/ml) with six levels of P fertilizer. Plant D.M. yield rose exponentially and was limited solely by P uptake at all fertilizer levels. There was a decrease in root absorbing surface area/shoot weight with increase in P addition, brought about by thicker roots rather than decreased root/shoot ratio. The P uptake rate per unit root length increased with P addition. In soils of Olsen P 5.9 to 16 μg/ml it was limited by soil P diffusion rate to the root surface. In soil having Olsen P 36.4 μg/ml, P uptake was probably limited by the rate of absorption from the soil solution into the root.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of theoretical physics 3 (1970), S. 413-424 
    ISSN: 1572-9575
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A discussion is given of certain electromagnetic fields associated with charges moving with the velocity of light which are associated with zero magnetic field, and the creation of charge. The stress energy tensor associated with charge creation is also discussed and it is shown that the stress energy tensor includes a term which may be interpreted as a shear.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1972-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1971-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1972-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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