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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (39)
  • American Institute of Physics  (2)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (1)
  • 1970-1974  (42)
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 1971-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Digitale ISSN: 1077-3118
    Thema: Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 1974-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-7550
    Thema: Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 227 (1970), S. 598-599 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The additive always increases the drag in the laminar flow range because it increases the viscosity of the liquid from y)0 for pure liquid to yj 〉 y]0 for the solution or suspension. In the concentration range concerned, this increase is relatively small, and for all practical purposes the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 171 (1973), S. 211-227 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Der Bruch von linearen Makromolekülen als Folge der Dehnungsdeformation von orientiertem Nylon 6 wurde mit Elektronenspinresonanz (ESR) an zwei Proben, einer Einzelfaser (Borste) und technischem, weing verdrilltem Garn, untersucht. Die Ergebnisse an der Einzelfaser zeigen, daß die Dehnungsdeformation in einer wesentlichen, irreversiblen Weise die Konzentration der freien Radikale, doch nicht die Bruchspannung und Deformation beeinflußt. Das mechanische Verhalten des Garns in Bruchnähe ist völlig verschieden von dem der Einzelfaser. Die vorliegenden Versuche lassen ernste Zweifel aufkommen an der Korrektheit frühererBerichte, in denen angenommen wurde, daß die mittels ESR beobachteten Kettenbrüche eindeutig den Deformations- und Bruchprozeß bestimmen.
    Notizen: Bond rupture associated with the tensile deformation of oriented Nylon 6 has been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR). Two samples were investigated, a single monofilament (“bristle”) and a commercial low twist yarn. Experiments with the monofilament show that tensile deformation has substantial irreversible effects on the free radical concentration observed at failure, but no effect on the ultimate properties of the fiber. It was also demonstrated that the stress-strain behavior of the yarn is quite different from that of the fibers near the ultimate extension. These present experiments raise serious questions as to the correctness of previous reports in which the bond breakage observed by ESR is assumed to uniquely determine the deformation and fracture process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 8 (1970), S. 771-789 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Measurements of the NMR second moment of a uniaxially oriented sample of polyethylene single crystals in the range of temperatures from -196°C to 130°C and its dependence on the alignment angle γ between the orientation axis (preferential direction of the molecular chains) and the NMR magnetic field are presented. The experimental results are discussed mainly with respect to the high temperature relaxation, called the α process, in polyethylene. They are compared to theoretical predictions made for a number of mechanisms of molecular motion in Part I of this work. Only one of the mechanisms considered is found to be in quantitative agreement with experiment, the mechanism here referred to as flip-flop motion. This consists of thermally activated rotational jumps of the crystalline chain segment between folds around its axis between two equilibrium sites in the lattice. Each rotational jump through 180° is accompanied by a shift of the molecule along its axis by one CH2 group. The discussion of the low-temperature relaxation of polyethylene, the γ process, is based partly on the above measurements and partly on measurements of second moments for unoriented polyethylene samples varying widely in morphology and noncrystalline content. The decrease of the second moment observed with these samples between -196°C and 20°C is taken as a measure of the intensity of the γ process. A linear correlation is found between the decrease in the second moment, designated ΔS, and the noncrystalline content, 1 - αm; this can be represented by ΔS = 1.4 + 22.1(1 - αm). It is shown that neither the crankshaft mechanism not the kink mechanism is able to account quantitatively for this result. The model of a chain end moving in a vacancy fails to adequately describe the angle dependence of ΔS in oriented polyethylene single crystals. The “sandwich model” of a polyethylene single crystal, in which the crystalline core is covered by noncrystalline surface layers, is in better agreement with observations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 8 (1970), S. 791-797 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The NMR second moment of a uniaxially oriented mat of single crystals of n-C32H66 (in the orthorhombic form) was measured at temperatures from -170°C to 70°C and at various alignment angles γ between the orientation axis (preferential direction of the molecular chains) and the NMR magnetic field. Accurate expressions are given for the NMR second moment of an orthorhombic normal paraffin CnH2n+2 of arbitrary molecular chain length n for n ≥ 10, in the following states of molecular motion: no motion (a rigid lattice), rotation of CH3 groups, and rotation of the chains around their axes with superimposed rotation of CH3 groups. In addition to these well-known motions, n-C32H66 is found to exhibit an α process. The corresponding decrease of the NMR second moment shows the dependence on γ predicted for “flip-flop” motion, i.e., rotational jumps of the chain molecules around their axes through 180° and a simultaneous translation along these axes by one CH2 group. The overall decrease in second moment occuring at the transition to the hexagonal rotator phase in n-C32H66 can be quantitatively accounted for. The dependence of this decrease on the alignment angle γ, however, is in disagreement with calculations based on a simple rotation of the chains around their axes. Considerable torsion of the chains superimposed on the rotation would improve agreement between theory and experiment.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 8 (1970), S. 1723-1740 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The transformation of microspherulitic quenched and annealed polyethylene film into highly oriented drawn material with the characteristic fiber structure was investigated by small-angle and wide-angle x-ray measurements and by a study of the thermograms after the fuming nitric acid treatment. With the details of deformation depending slightly on the crystallinity, one observes generally a preferential tilt of the platelets against draw direction at draw ratios below 2. At least in annealed material, an increasing tilt of the molecule within the lamella is also observed, which leads at higher draw ratios to slipping of blocks in the crystallites. With further drawing a new fiber structure appears, which is practically independent of the thermal history of the original film. This fact is established by investigation of the crystal thickness by three different methods; investigations of small-angle scattering, study of the width of the (002) reflection, and investigation of the debris after treatment with fuming nitric acid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 865-870 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The difference between the hydraulic permeability K under a pressure gradient and the diffusive permeability P under a concentration gradient can be explained by the incipient viscous flow at high degree of swelling. This flow is opposed by the friction resistance of the macromolecules of the highly swollen membrane. It comes to an end at a critical swelling Hc when the number of permeant molecules is not more sufficient for a complete solvation of the macromolecules of the membrane. Below this swelling, K equals PV1/RT, where V1 is the molar volume of the permeant, and above it the difference K - PV1/RT is proportional to H/(1 - H) - Hc/(1 - Hc). The proportionality factor depends on the friction coefficient of the macromolecular segments and on the average lateral chain clustering. The data on poly(glycerol methacrylate) suggest that on the average the aggregates contain two chains.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 150 (1971), S. 163-177 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Das anfängliche Anwachsen und die baldige Sättigung des Dichroismus verschiedener Banden von Methyl- und Vinylendgruppen im kaltverstreckten Polyäthylen wurden im Zusammenhang mit der mittleren Orientierung der Endgruppen und der angrenzenden CH2-Gruppen (freie Kettenenden) untersucht. Mehrere mögliche Konformationen der Endgruppen in Bezug zur Hauptkette wurden diskutiert. Im Falle der Methylendgruppen kann man die Experimentalergebnisse auf zwei Arten deuten: (a) Wenn die Orientierung ausschließlich von den Methylendgruppen im Kristallgitter herrührt, dann können sich nur 17 bis 35% dieser Gruppen im Kristallverbande befinden. (b) Sind alle Endgruppen in der amorphen Phase, dann erhält man für die Orientierungsfunktion der Endgruppen und der freien Kettenenden f = 0,4-0,8. Der Dichroismus der Vinylendgruppenbanden kann nicht so eindeutig erklärt werden. Der auf Grund der stabilsten Konformation zu erwartende Dichroismus der Vinylendgruppen ist im qualitativen Widerspruch mit den Versuchsergbnissen. Die mit dem beobachteten Dichroismus in Einklang stehende Konformation, die zu einer Orientierungsfunktion f = 0,55 für die Vinylendgruppen und die freien Kettenenden führen würde, ist kein stabiles Rotationsisomeres, wie man es auf Grund des Rotationspotentials einfacher Modellverbindungen erwarten würde. Die Gründe für diese Diskrepanz werden diskutiert.
    Notizen: The first increasing and soon saturating IR dichroism of several bands originating from methyl and vinyl end-groups in cold drawn linear polyethylene has been related to the mean orientation of the end-groups and the preceding CH2 sequences (cilia). Several possible conformations of the end-groups with respect to the backbone chain are discussed. In the case of the methyl end-groups the experimental data can be interpreted in two ways: (a) Assuming that the orientation results exclusively from methyl end-groups which are incorporated in the crystal lattice, it follows that only 17-35% of these groups can be in the crystalline phase. (b) If all end-groups are located in the amorphous phase one can derive an orientation function for the end-groups and the cilia given as f = 0.4-0.8. The dichroism of bands resulting from the vinyl end-groups cannot be interpreted unequivocally. The expected dichroism of a vinyl end-group in its supposed most stable conformation is in qualitative disagreement with the experimental value. The conformation which is consistent with the observed dichroism and would lead to an orientation function f = 0.55 for the vinyl end-groups and the cilia, does not represent a stable rotational isomer as discussed from the rotational potential of simple model compounds. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 1449-1469 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Wide-line NMR spectra have been obtained on an oriented sample of drawn nylon 66 fibers at temperatures between -196°C and 200°C and at alignment angles between the fiber axis and the magnetic field of 0°, 45°, and 90°. At -196°C, 20°C, and 180°C, the complete angle dependence of the NMR spectrum has been measured. The second moments of these spectra have been compared to theoretical second moments calculated for various models of chain segmental motion in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the low-temperature segmental motion (γ process) and the high-temperature segmental motion (αc process). In agreement with earlier suggestions, the present results indicate that the γ process consists of segmental motion in noncrystalline regions. The overall decrease in second moment caused by the γ process is consistent with a model in which all noncrystalline segments rotate around axes nearly fixed in space. Furthermore, this decrease shows a pronounced dependence on the alignment angle. It is believed that this is due to tie molecules which become highly oriented along the fiber axis during drawing; their axes of rotation will therefore be nearly parallel to the fiber axis. The segments in noncrystalline entities such as chain folds and chain ends are less well oriented along the fiber axis and make an essentially isotropic contribution to the second moment decrease. The second moment at 180°C indicates the presence of considerable motion in the crystalline regions, and this motion is denoted the αc process. The second moment Sc of the crystalline regions is strongly dependent on the alignment angle, the predominant feature being a relatively high value of the second moment when the fiber axis is directed parallel to the magnetic field. This is in qualitative, but not quantitative, agreement with the motional model recently advanced by McMahon, which assumes full rotation of the chains around their axes. Excellent quantitative agreement with experiment has been obtained by superimposition of rotational oscillation around the chain axis of amplitude roughtly 50°, and torsion of the chains with neighboring CH2 groups oscillating around the C—C bond with a relative amplitude of about 40°. A model in which the chains perform rotational jumps of 60° between two equilibrium sites has also been considered (60° flip-flop motion). A distinction between this model and rotational oscillation has not been possible.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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