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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 68 (1958), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 4 (1972), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 124 specimens of Lophius piscatorius, L. have been studied (22 males, 90 immature females and 12 sexually mature females) from the Mediterranean coast between October 1968 and February 1971. The plasma values of total proteins, Cl-, K+, Na+, plasma iron, total iron binding capacity and plasma copper have been determined. These values are related to weight, length, sex and sexual maturity, depth of trawl and season of the year. The electrolyte content is somewhat lower than given for this species. A clear seasonal variation is observed, with a decrease in the plasma electrolyte. The iron and copper plasma and TIBC values agree with the few values previously recorded and it is thought that they will be of interest due to the scarcity of data on fish.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 34 (1972), S. 467-481 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new mathematical model of the oscillatory behavior of the respiratory center has been developed based upon published records of neuronal activity during respiration in the pons and medulla. In contrast with a previous model, four, rather than two, networks are assumed to interact in the respiratory center so as to produce the respiratory oscillation. A mathematical description of this interaction, in the form of a set of four first-order, nonlinear, coupled differential equations, is derived; the behavior of the solutions of this system is studied qualitatively, and expressions for the durations of the inspiratory and expiratory phases are obtained in terms of some parameters. It is found that central and chemical influences drive the medullar neurons to a position somewhere between saturation and full cutoff, and the pontine neurons deeply into cutoff. The control of the duration of the different phases by these chemical and central means is discussed. In order to effect a decrease in the magnitude of the various times, the neurons have to be driven towards operating points of higher central facilitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A reversible dissociation of the protein-lipopolysaccharide complex (Pr-LPS) isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa after sodium deoxycholate treatment was demonstrated by ultracentrifugation, gel filtration and immunological techniques. Removal of deoxycholate from the antigen solution restored it to a molecular weight similar to the original substance. In addition, subunits of the antigen seem to retain the ability to precipitate with anti Pr-LPS serum. Neither high concentrations of polymyxin B nor surfactants as Triton X-100 or Tween-80 produced this molecular dissociation in the complex.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 32 (1973), S. 81-86 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Rotational barrier ; Substituted pyrrolines ; PCILO calculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Calculation of the rotational barriers for the trans- and cis-forms of 2-(p-methoxy)-1-acetyl-pyrroline are presented in this paper. It is found that thetrans-isomer is slightly more favourable energetically, while the rotations of the cis-form are highly impeded. Hence the relevant rotations are in thetrans-form which stabilizes its energy by forming a weak inner proton bond between the carbonyl oxygen and the pyrroline ring. The acetyl rotational barrier is of the order of 8 kcal, which is well in accord with experimental data reported in the literature for other acetyl-amide derivatives.[/p]
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 20-36 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mammalian cardiac muscle ; T system ; Longitudinal tubules ; Electronopaque diffusion tracers ; Excitation-contraction coupling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Colloidal ThO2 particles (diameter of ∼ 60 Å) were used as electron-opaque markers to trace the “intracellular” compartments continuous with the bulk interstitial fluid of guinea pig ventricular muscle. Beating and quiescent hearts in a Langendorff preparation were perfused for 30 min with oxygenated Ringer solution containing 1% ThO2. The hearts were immediately fixed by perfusing with glutaraldehyde solution. The colloidal ThO2 particles entered into many of the T tubules and into longitudinallyrunning tubules. No differences in distribution of ThO2 were observed in a heart which was not exposed to ThO2 until after it was fixed. Tracer did not penetrate into the intercalated disk clefts in the guinea pig hearts and one frog heart used for comparison. Tubular profiles filled with ThO2 were not seen in frog heart, an observation which confirms the absence of T tubules in this amphibian. It is concluded that, in mammalian cardiac muscle, the lumens of the longitudinal tubules are continuous with the lumens of the T tubules, forming an extensively interconnected T-L tubular system. Hence, every myofibril has close access to a fluid-filled space which is continuous with the interstitial fluid and which may be of similar cationic composition; such an arrangement should facilitate excitation-contraction coupling.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle extracellular compartments ; Hypertonicity effects ; Excitation-contraction coupling ; Terminal cisternae ; Caffeine contracture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horseradish peroxidase, an extracellular marker, was given intravenously to frogs, and 40 min later the sartorius muscles were removed. The isolated muscles were exposed for an additional hour to Ringer solution containing peroxidase, then fixed with glutaraldehyde. Peroxidase activity was found in the T tubules, in some of the terminal cisternae (TC) of the SR, and occasionally in the longitudinal tubules of the SR. In transverse sections, the structures containing tracer formed a pattern of approximately parallel columns reaching to the cell surface; the statistical distribution of their spacing was nearly the same as that of the interdistances between the current-sensitive spots on the Z-line which triggered localized contraction (Huxley and Taylor, 1958). The caffeine contracture of frog sartorius muscles remained unchanged in isotonic Ringer solutions which were Ca++-free or contained Mn++ or La+++; however, contracture was blocked by prior exposure of the muscles to the same solutions made 2 × hypertonic with sucrose (known to produce swelling of T tubules and (TC). Since Mn++ and La+++ are known to depress Ca++ influx, these results suggest that washout of Ca++ from the TC, and penetration of La+++ or Mn++ into it, occur more rapidly due to the swelling of T tubules and TC associated with hypertonicity. It is concluded that at least some of the terminal cisternae are open to the interstitial fluid via the T tubules. Thus, depolarization of the T tubules could readly depolarize the cisternae and lead to Ca++ influx into the myoplasm.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle extracellular compartments ; Hypertonicity effects ; Excitation-contraction coupling ; Terminal cisternae ; Caffeine contracture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horseradish peroxidase, an extracellular marker, was given intravenously to frogs, and 40 min later the sartorius muscles were removed. The isolated muscles were exposed for an additional hour to Ringer solution containing peroxidase, then fixed with glutaraldehyde. Peroxidase activity was found in the T tubules, in some of the terminal cisternae (TC) of the SR, and occasionally in the longitudinal tubules of the SR. In transverse sections, the structures containing tracer formed a pattern of approximately parallel columns reaching to the cell surface; the statistical distribution of their spacing was nearly the same as that of the interdistances between the current-sensitive spots on the Z-line which triggered localized contraction (Huxley and Taylor, 1958). The caffeine contracture of frog sartorius muscles remained unchanged in isotonic Ringer solutions which were Ca++-free or contained Mn++ or La+++; however, contracture was blocked by prior exposure of the muscles to the same solutions made 2 × hypertonic with sucrose (known to produce swelling of T tubules and (TC). Since Mn++ and La+++ are known to depress Ca++ influx, these results suggest that washout of Ca++ from the TC, and penetration of La+++ or Mn++ into it, occur more rapidly due to the swelling of T tubules and TC associated with hypertonicity. It is concluded that at least some of the terminal cisternae are open to the interstitial fluid via the T tubules. Thus, depolarization of the T tubules could readly depolarize the cisternae and lead to Ca++ influx into the myoplasm.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 77 (1971), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting In ultradunne coupes van stukjes blad vanChenopodium quinoa, met systemische symptomen na inoculatie met het latentePassiflora-virus, konden opeenhopingen van grote hoeveelheden draadvormige deeltjes worden waargenomen. Van deze deeltjes wordt op grond van rangschikking, afmetingen en vorm angenomen dat ze virusdeeltjes zijn. De deeltjes kwamen vaak vriij in het protoplasma voor, in bundels van verschillende afmetingen of in licht gebogen of verwrongen platen. Daarin lagen de deeltjes stijf naast elkaar (Fig. 1 en 2). Door het niet geheel vlak liggen der platen gaf een doorsnede dwars op de lengterichting van de meeste deeltjes een draaikolkbeeld (Fig. 2). Soms vormden de virusdraden door overlapping meer langgerekte bundels (Fig. 3). Ze werden ook vaak waargenomen in groepen en met hun ene uiteinde liggend tegen een chloroplast of mitochondrion (Fig. 4, rechts, en 3). Daarnaast bleken de virusdeeltjes veel voor te komen in protoplasmastrengen en wel in overdwars liggende bundels van vrij regelmatige afmetingen (Fig. 4 tot 6). Waarschijnlijk werkt de affiniteit van de deeltjes tot de tonoplasmembraan de vorming van deze strengen in de hand. Misschien is de betrokken kracht ook verantwoordelijk voor het vaak afgeplat zijn van de protoplasma ‘strengen’, wat blijkt uit de scheef of zelfs nagenoeg vlak gesneden strengen van respectievelijk Fig. 5 en 6. In de laatste zijn de virusboundels vrijwel dwars op de lengterichting der deeltjes getroffen. In geïnfecteerde planten werden geen ‘pinwheel’ structuren, zoals bekend van de aardappelvirus-Y-groep, gevonden. In neiging tot aggregatie met chloroplasten en mitochondria vertoont het latentePassiflora-virus overeenkomst met de aardappelvirussen S en M uit de aardappelvirus-S-groep. Het virus uit passiebloem komt echter in veel grotere opeenhopingen voor. Toch vormt het inChenopodium quinoa geen lichtmicroscopisch zichtbare celinsluitsels, zoals het verwante nerfmozaïekvirus van rode klaver doet. De bij het latentePassiflora-virus aangetroffen protoplasmastrengen met overdwars liggende virusbundels zijn tot dusver uniek.
    Notes: Abstract In ultrathin sections ofChenopodium quinoa plants, with systemic symptoms after inoculation withPassiflora latent virus, high concentration of virus particles could be easily observed. The virus particles occurred in bundles or extensive, slightly contorted plates in the cytoplasm, in bundles externally attached to the membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts or in bundles of regular size attached to tonoplasm in protoplasmic strands. The excessive production of such abnormal protoplasmic strands with rather regularly distributed bundles of virus particles has not been reported before. No pinwheels or other structures characteristic of infection with representatives of the potato virus Y group have been observed. The accumulations of particles attached to chloroplasts resemble those known of potato viruses S and M.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 78 (1972), S. 247-257 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Erwteplanten werden geïnoculeerd met de Wisconsin-stam van het erwtestrepenvirus (‘pea streak virus’). Na behandeling van epidermisreepjes met floxine en methyleenblauw kleurden grote delen van het cytoplasma rood (Fig. 1). Gewoonlijk waren de gekleurde gebieden niet scherp begrensd. Soms echter hadden ze ook het karakter van korrelige, vaak van vacuoles voorziene insluitsels. Ze kwamen voornamelijk voor bij de celkern en tegen de celwand. Wanneer sap van zulke planten met de elektronenmicroscoop werd bestudeerd, negatief gekleurd of na schaduwing van de preparaten, bleek dit zeer grote hoeveelheden stugge langgerekte deeltjes te bevatten die karakteristiek zijn voor het virus (Fig. 2 en 3). De deeltjes vertoonden een duidelijke neiging zich met hun uiteinden te hechten aan celorganellen en membranen (Fig. 2B). In ultradunne coupes van bladweefsel kon het virus veelvuldig worden aangetroffen als afzonderlijke deeltjes in het celplasma of in bundels van één deeltje lang. Wel was de concentratie meestal hoog (Fig. 4). Veel van zulke bundels kwamen vaak samen voor en ze waren meestal gehecht aan membranen, bijv. rond vacuoles (Fig. 5 en 6). De verkregen resultaten zijn vergelijkbaar met die van andere, tot dusver bestudeerde virussen van de aardappelvirus-S-groep. De hoeveelheden virus zijn bij het erwtestrepenvirus echter uitzonderlijk hoog.
    Notes: Abstract In epidermal strips of pea plants with the Wisconsin strain of the pea streak virus, studied from about three weeks after inoculation, extensive parts of the cytoplasm stained red when treated with phloxine and methylene blue. Usually the stained areas were not sharply delimited. Sometimes more or less well-defined granular and often vacuolated inclusion bodies were observed. They were mainly located near the nucleus and along the cell wall. When sap of such plants was studied in the electron microscope, either negatively stained or shadow-cast, it contained very large amounts of elongate rigid particles typical of the virus. The particles were often found attached to cell organelles. In ultrathin sections the virus particles could be easily detected occurring separately or in bundles of one particle long in the cytoplasm. Several of such bundles frequently occurred together and they were usually attached to membranes, e.g. around vacuoles, like other members of the carlavirus group (potato virus S group).
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